Congenital syphilis without clinical manifestations, with
positive serological reaction and negative spinal fluid test,
less than two years after birth.
Syphilis (acquired) without clinical manifestations, with
positive serological reaction and negative spinal fluid test,
less than two years after infection.
Syphilis (acquired) without clinical manifestations, with
positive serological reaction and negative spinal fluid test,
two years or more after infection.
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of a mosquito
infected by dengue viruses. It is one disease entity with
different clinical presentations and often with unpredictable
clinical evolution and outcome. Most patients recover following
a self-limiting non-severe clinical course like nausea,
vomiting, rash, aches and pains, but a small proportion progress
to severe disease, mostly characterized by plasma leakage with
or without haemorrhage, although severe haemorrhages or severe
organ impairment can occur, with or without dengue shock.
Clinical warning signs are: abdominal pain or tenderness,
mucosal bleeding, lethargy and /or restlessness, rapid decrease
in platelet count, increase in hematocrit. Other signs can
include: persistent vomiting, visible fluid accumulation, liver
enlargement more than 2 cm.
Clinical signs include: 1. Severe plasma leakage leading to
shock (Dengue shock syndrome - DSS) and/or fluid accumulation
with respiratory distress; 2. Severe bleeding as evaluated by
clinician; 3. Severe organ involvement: Liver AST or ALT >=1000,
CNS: impaired consciousness (encephalitis), involvement of other
organs, as myocarditis or nephritis
B03Smallpox [Footnote: In 1980 the 33rd World Health
Assembly declared that smallpox had been eradicated. The
classification is maintained for surveillance purposes.]
Use additional code (N17.9), if desired, to identify any renal
failure associated with HPS caused by the Andes, Bayou and Black
Creek Canal hantavirus aetiologies.
Excl.:
haemorrhagic fever with renal manifestations (A98.5)
Mycoses caused by fungi of low virulence that can establish an
infection only as a consequence of factors such as the
presence of debilitating disease or the administration of
immunosuppressive and other therapeutic agents or radiation
therapy. Most of the causal fungi are normally saprophytic in
soil and decaying vegetation.
Categories B90-B94 are to be used to indicate conditions in
categories A00-B89 as the cause of sequelae, which are
themselves classified elsewhere. The "sequelae" include
conditions specified as such; they also include late effects
of diseases classifiable to the above categories if there is
evidence that the disease itself is no longer present. For use
of these categories, reference should be made to the morbidity
or mortality coding rules and guidelines in Volume 2.
Not to be used for chronic infections. Code current infections
to chronic or active infectious disease as appropriate.
These categories should never be used in primary coding. They
are provided for use as supplementary or additional codes when
it is desired to identify the infectious agent(s) in diseases
classified elsewhere.
B95Streptococcus
and staphylococcus as the cause of diseases classified to other
chapters
B95.0Streptococcus, group A, as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B95.1Streptococcus, group B, as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B95.2Streptococcus group D and enterococcus as the cause
of diseases classified to other chapters
B95.3Streptococcus pneumoniae as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B95.4Other streptococcus as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B95.5Unspecified streptococcus as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B95.6Staphylococcus aureus as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B95.7Other staphylococcus as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B95.8Unspecified staphylococcus as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B96Other
specified bacterial agents as the cause of diseases classified to
other chapters
B96.0Mycoplasma pneumoniae [M. pneumoniae] as the cause
of diseases classified to other chapters
Incl.:
Pleuro-pneumonia-like-organism [PPLO]
B96.1Klebsiella pneumoniae [K. pneumoniae] as the cause
of diseases classified to other chapters
B96.2Escherichia coli [E. coli] as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B96.3Haemophilus influenzae [H. influenzae] as the cause
of diseases classified to other chapters
B96.4Proteus (mirabilis)(morganii) as the cause of
diseases classified to other chapters
B96.5Pseudomonas (aeruginosa) as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B96.6Bacillus fragilis [B. fragilis] as the cause of
diseases classified to other chapters
B96.7Clostridium perfringens [C. perfringens] as the
cause of diseases classified to other chapters
B96.8Other specified bacterial agents as the cause of
diseases classified to other chapters
B97Viral
agents as the cause of diseases classified to other chapters
B97.0Adenovirus as the cause of diseases classified to
other chapters
B97.1Enterovirus as the cause of diseases classified to
other chapters
Incl.:
Coxsackievirus
Echovirus
B97.2Coronavirus as the cause of diseases classified to
other chapters
B97.3Retrovirus as the cause of diseases classified to
other chapters
Incl.:
Lentivirus
Oncovirus
B97.4Respiratory syncytial virus as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
B97.5Reovirus as the cause of diseases classified to
other chapters
B97.6Parvovirus as the cause of diseases classified to
other chapters
B97.7Papillomavirus as the cause of diseases classified
to other chapters
B97.8Other viral agents as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
Incl.:
Human metapneumovirus
B98Other
specified infectious agents as the cause of diseases classified to
other chapters
B98.0Helicobacter pylori [H.pylori] as the cause of
diseases classified to other chapters
B98.1Vibrio vulnificus as the cause of diseases
classified to other chapters
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
This departure from the principle that categories should be
mutually exclusive is deliberate, since both forms of
terminology are in use but the resulting anatomical divisions
are not analogous.
C72.8Overlapping lesion of brain and other parts of
central nervous system
Additional Text
[See note 5 at the beginning of this chapter]
Incl.:
Malignant neoplasm of brain and other parts of central nervous
system whose point of origin cannot be classified to any one of
the categories C70-C72.5
Many in situ neoplasms are regarded as being located within a
continuum of morphological change between dysplasia and
invasive cancer. For example, for cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia (CIN) three grades are recognized, the third of
which (CIN III) includes both severe dysplasia and carcinoma
in situ. This system of grading has been extended to other
organs, such as vulva and vagina. Descriptions of grade III
intraepithelial neoplasia, with or without mention of severe
dysplasia, are assigned to this section; grades I and II are
classified as dysplasia of the organ system involved and
should be coded to the relevant body system chapter.
Incl.:
Bowen disease
erythroplasia
morphology codes with behaviour code /2
Queyrat erythroplasia
D00Carcinoma
in situ of oral cavity, oesophagus and stomach
Categories D37-D48 classify by site neoplasms of uncertain or
unknown behaviour, i.e., there is doubt whether the neoplasm
is malignant or benign. Such neoplasms are assigned behaviour
code /1 in the classification of the morphology of neoplasms.
D37Neoplasm
of uncertain or unknown behaviour of oral cavity and digestive
organs
Polycythaemia vera has been reclassified in ICD-O Third Edition
with a malignant code. The code D45 will continue to be used,
although it is located in the chapter for Neoplasms of uncertain
or unknown behaviour. The modification of its classification is
reserved to the revision of ICD.
endemic conditions associated with environmental iodine
deficiency either directly or as a consequence of maternal
iodine deficiency. Some of the conditions have no current
hypothyroidism but are the consequence of inadequate thyroid
hormone secretion in the developing fetus. Environmental
goitrogens may be associated.
Coding-Hint
Use additional code (F70-F79), if desired, to identify
associated mental retardation.
adrenogenital syndromes, virilizing or feminizing, whether
acquired or due to adrenal hyperplasia consequent on inborn
enzyme defects in hormone synthesis
female:
adrenal pseudohermaphroditism
heterosexual precocious pseudopuberty
male:
isosexual precocious pseudopuberty
macrogenitosomia praecox
sexual precocity with adrenal hyperplasia
virilization (female)
E25.0Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with
enzyme deficiency
The degree of malnutrition is usually measured in terms of
weight, expressed in standard deviations from the mean of the
relevant reference population. When one or more previous
measurements are available, lack of weight gain in children,
or evidence of weight loss in children or adults, is usually
indicative of malnutrition. When only one measurement is
available, the diagnosis is based on probabilities and is not
definitive without other clinical or laboratory tests. In the
exceptional circumstances that no measurement of weight is
available, reliance should be placed on clinical evidence.
If an observed weight is below the mean value of the reference
population, there is a high probability of severe malnutrition
if there is an observed value situated 3 or more standard
deviations below the mean value of the reference population; a
high probability of moderate malnutrition for an observed
value located between 2 and less than 3 standard deviations
below this mean; and a high probability of mild malnutrition
for an observed value located between 1 and less than 2
standard deviations below this mean.
Severe loss of weight [wasting] in children or adults, or lack
of weight gain in children leading to an observed weight that
is at least 3 standard deviations below the mean value for the
reference population (or a similar loss expressed through
other statistical approaches). When only one measurement is
available, there is a high probability of severe wasting when
the observed weight is 3 or more standard deviations below the
mean of the reference population.
Incl.:
Starvation oedema
E44Protein-energy
malnutrition of moderate and mild degree
Weight loss in children or adults, or lack of weight gain in
children leading to an observed weight that is 2 or more but
less than 3 standard deviations below the mean value for the
reference population (or a similar loss expressed through
other statistical approaches). When only one measurement is
available, there is a high probability of moderate
protein-energy malnutrition when the observed weight is 2 or
more but less than 3 standard deviations below the mean of the
reference population.
Weight loss in children or adults, or lack of weight gain in
children leading to an observed weight that is 1 or more but
less than 2 standard deviations below the mean value for the
reference population (or a similar loss expresssed through
other statistical approaches). When only one measurement is
available, there is a high probability of mild protein-energy
malnutrition when the observed weight is 1 or more but less
than 2 standard deviations below the mean of the reference
population.
E45Retarded
development following protein-energy malnutrition
This block comprises a range of mental disorders grouped
together on the basis of their having in common a demonstrable
etiology in cerebral disease, brain injury, or other insult
leading to cerebral dysfunction. The dysfunction may be
primary, as in diseases, injuries, and insults that affect the
brain directly and selectively; or secondary, as in systemic
diseases and disorders that attack the brain only as one of
the multiple organs or systems of the body that are involved.
Dementia (F00-F03) is a syndrome due to disease of the brain,
usually of a chronic or progressive nature, in which there is
disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions, including
memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation,
learning capacity, language, and judgement. Consciousness is
not clouded. The impairments of cognitive function are
commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded, by
deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour, or
motivation. This syndrome occurs in Alzheimer disease, in
cerebrovascular disease, and in other conditions primarily or
secondarily affecting the brain.
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify the underlying
disease.
Alzheimer disease is a primary degenerative cerebral disease
of unknown etiology with characteristic neuropathological and
neurochemical features. The disorder is usually insidious in
onset and develops slowly but steadily over a period of
several years.
F00.0*Dementia in Alzheimer disease with early onset (G30.0†)
Definition
Dementia in Alzheimer disease with onset before the age of 65,
with a relatively rapid deteriorating course and with marked
multiple disorders of the higher cortical functions.
Incl.:
Alzheimer disease, type 2
Presenile dementia, Alzheimer type
Primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type, presenile
onset
F00.1*Dementia in Alzheimer disease with late onset (G30.1†)
Definition
Dementia in Alzheimer disease with onset after the age of 65,
usually in the late 70s or thereafter, with a slow
progression, and with memory impairment as the principal
feature.
Incl.:
Alzheimer disease, type 1
Primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type, senile
onset
Senile dementia, Alzheimer type
F00.2*Dementia in Alzheimer disease, atypical or mixed
type (G30.8†)
Incl.:
Atypical dementia, Alzheimer type
F00.9*Dementia in Alzheimer disease, unspecified (G30.9†)
Vascular dementia is the result of infarction of the brain due
to vascular disease, including hypertensive cerebrovascular
disease. The infarcts are usually small but cumulative in
their effect. Onset is usually in later life.
Usually develops rapidly after a succession of strokes from
cerebrovascular thrombosis, embolism or haemorrhage. In rare
cases, a single large infarction may be the cause.
Includes cases with a history of hypertension and foci of
ischaemic destruction in the deep white matter of the cerebral
hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is usually preserved and this
contrasts with the clinical picture which may closely resemble
that of dementia in Alzheimer disease.
F01.3Mixed cortical and subcortical vascular dementia
F02*Dementia
in other diseases classified elsewhere
Definition
Cases of dementia due, or presumed to be due, to causes other
than Alzheimer disease or cerebrovascular disease. Onset may
be at any time in life, though rarely in old age.
A progressive dementia, commencing in middle age,
characterized by early, slowly progressing changes of
character and social deterioration, followed by impairment of
intellect, memory, and language functions, with apathy,
euphoria and, occasionally, extrapyramidal phenomena.
F02.1*Dementia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (A81.0†)
Definition
A progressive dementia with extensive neurological signs, due
to specific neuropathological changes that are presumed to be
caused by a transmissible agent. Onset is usually in middle or
later life, but may be at any adult age. The course is
subacute, leading to death within one to two years.
A dementia occurring as part of a widespread degeneration of
the brain. The disorder is transmitted by a single autosomal
dominant gene. Symptoms typically emerge in the third and
fourth decade. Progression is slow, leading to death usually
within 10 to 15 years.
A dementia developing in the course of established Parkinson
disease. No particular distinguishing clinical features have
yet been demonstrated.
Incl.:
Dementia in:
paralysis agitans
parkinsonism
F02.4*Dementia in human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]
disease (B22.0†)
Definition
Dementia developing in the course of HIV disease, in the
absence of a concurrent illness or condition other than HIV
infection that could explain the clinical features.
F02.8*Dementia in other specified diseases classified
elsewhere
F04Organic
amnesic syndrome, not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive
substances
Definition
A syndrome of prominent impairment of recent and remote memory
while immediate recall is preserved, with reduced ability to
learn new material and disorientation in time. Confabulation
may be a marked feature, but perception and other cognitive
functions, including the intellect, are usually intact. The
prognosis depends on the course of the underlying lesion.
F05Delirium,
not induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances
Definition
An etiologically nonspecific organic cerebral syndrome
characterized by concurrent disturbances of consciousness and
attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor
behaviour, emotion, and the sleep-wake schedule. The duration
is variable and the degree of severity ranges from mild to
very severe.
Incl.:
acute or subacute:
brain syndrome
confusional state (nonalcoholic)
infective psychosis
organic reaction
psycho-organic syndrome
Excl.:
delirium tremens, alcohol-induced or unspecified (F10.4)
F05.0Delirium not superimposed on dementia, so described
F06Other
mental disorders due to brain damage and dysfunction and to
physical disease
Definition
Includes miscellaneous conditions causally related to brain
disorder due to primary cerebral disease, to systemic disease
affecting the brain secondarily, to exogenous toxic substances
or hormones, to endocrine disorders, or to other somatic
illnesses.
A disorder of persistent or recurrent hallucinations, usually
visual or auditory, that occur in clear consciousness and may
or may not be recognized by the subject as such. Delusional
elaboration of the hallucinations may occur, but delusions do
not dominate the clinical picture; insight may be preserved.
A disorder of diminished (stupor) or increased (excitement)
psychomotor activity associated with catatonic symptoms. The
extremes of psychomotor disturbance may alternate.
A disorder in which persistent or recurrent delusions dominate
the clinical picture. The delusions may be accompanied by
hallucinations. Some features suggestive of schizophrenia,
such as bizarre hallucinations or thought disorder, may be
present.
Incl.:
Paranoid and paranoid-hallucinatory organic states
Disorders characterized by a change in mood or affect, usually
accompanied by a change in the overall level of activity,
depressive, hypomanic, manic or bipolar (see F30-F38), but
arising as a consequence of an organic disorder.
Excl.:
mood disorders, nonorganic or unspecified (F30-F39)
A disorder characterized by the essential descriptive features
of a generalized anxiety disorder (F41.1), a panic disorder
(F41.0), or a combination of both, but arising as a
consequence of an organic disorder.
Excl.:
anxiety disorders, nonorganic or unspecified (F41.-)
A disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of the
normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of
identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily
movements (see F44.-), but arising as a consequence of an
organic disorder.
Excl.:
dissociative [conversion] disorders, nonorganic or unspecified (F44.-)
A disorder characterized by emotional incontinence or
lability, fatigability, and a variety of unpleasant physical
sensations (e.g. dizziness) and pains, but arising as a
consequence of an organic disorder.
Excl.:
somatoform disorders, nonorganic or unspecified (F45.-)
A disorder characterized by impairment of memory, learning
difficulties, and reduced ability to concentrate on a task for
more than brief periods. There is often a marked feeling of
mental fatigue when mental tasks are attempted, and new
learning is found to be subjectively difficult even when
objectively successful. None of these symptoms is so severe
that a diagnosis of either dementia (F00-F03) or delirium
(F05.-) can be made. This diagnosis should be made only in
association with a specified physical disorder, and should not
be made in the presence of any of the mental or behavioural
disorders classified to F10-F99. The disorder may precede,
accompany, or follow a wide variety of infections and physical
disorders, both cerebral and systemic, but direct evidence of
cerebral involvement is not necessarily present. It can be
differentiated from postencephalitic syndrome (F07.1) and
postconcussional syndrome (F07.2) by its different etiology,
more restricted range of generally milder symptoms, and
usually shorter duration.
F06.8Other specified mental disorders due to brain damage
and dysfunction and to physical disease
Incl.:
Epileptic psychosis NOS
F06.9Unspecified mental disorder due to brain damage and
dysfunction and to physical disease
Incl.:
Organic:
brain syndrome NOS
mental disorder NOS
F07Personality
and behavioural disorders due to brain disease, damage and
dysfunction
Definition
Alteration of personality and behaviour can be a residual or
concomitant disorder of brain disease, damage or dysfunction.
A disorder characterized by a significant alteration of the
habitual patterns of behaviour displayed by the subject
premorbidly, involving the expression of emotions, needs and
impulses. Impairment of cognitive and thought functions, and
altered sexuality may also be part of the clinical picture.
Residual nonspecific and variable behavioural change following
recovery from either viral or bacterial encephalitis. The
principal difference between this disorder and the organic
personality disorders is that it is reversible.
A syndrome that occurs following head trauma (usually
sufficiently severe to result in loss of consciousness) and
includes a number of disparate symptoms such as headache,
dizziness, fatigue, irritability, difficulty in concentration
and performing mental tasks, impairment of memory, insomnia,
and reduced tolerance to stress, emotional excitement, or
alcohol.
This block contains a wide variety of disorders that differ in
severity and clinical form but that are all attributable to
the use of one or more psychoactive substances, which may or
may not have been medically prescribed. The third character of
the code identifies the substance involved, and the fourth
character specifies the clinical state. The codes should be
used, as required, for each substance specified, but it should
be noted that not all fourth character codes are applicable to
all substances.
Identification of the psychoactive substance should be based
on as many sources of information as possible. These include
self-report data, analysis of blood and other body fluids,
characteristic physical and psychological symptoms, clinical
signs and behaviour, and other evidence such as a drug being
in the patient's possession or reports from informed third
parties. Many drug users take more than one type of
psychoactive substance. The main diagnosis should be
classified, whenever possible, according to the substance or
class of substances that has caused or contributed most to the
presenting clinical syndrome. Other diagnoses should be coded
when other psychoactive substances have been taken in
intoxicating amounts (common fourth character .0) or to the
extent of causing harm (common fourth character .1),
dependence (common fourth character .2) or other disorders
(common fourth character .3-.9).
Only in cases in which patterns of psychoactive
substance-taking are chaotic and indiscriminate, or in which
the contributions of different psychoactive substances are
inextricably mixed, should the diagnosis of disorders
resulting from multiple drug use (F19.-) be used.
Excl.:
abuse of non-dependence-producing substances (F55)
Modifiers
The following fourth-character subdivisions are for use with
categories F10-F19:
Code
Title
.0
Acute intoxication
A condition that follows the administration of a
psychoactive substance resulting in disturbances in
level of consciousness, cognition, perception, affect or
behaviour, or other psycho-physiological functions and
responses. The disturbances are directly related to the
acute pharmacological effects of the substance and
resolve with time, with complete recovery, except where
tissue damage or other complications have arisen.
Complications may include trauma, inhalation of vomitus,
delirium, coma, convulsions, and other medical
complications. The nature of these complications depends
on the pharmacological class of substance and mode of
administration.
Incl.:
Acute drunkenness (in alcoholism)
"Bad trips" (drugs)
Drunkenness NOS
Pathological intoxication
Trance and possession disorders in psychoactive
substance intoxication
A pattern of psychoactive substance use that is causing
damage to health. The damage may be physical (as in
cases of hepatitis from the self-administration of
injected psychoactive substances) or mental (e.g.
episodes of depressive disorder secondary to heavy
consumption of alcohol).
Incl.:
Psychoactive substance abuse
.2
Dependence syndrome
A cluster of behavioural, cognitive, and physiological
phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and
that typically include a strong desire to take the drug,
difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its
use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority
given to drug use than to other activities and
obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a
physical withdrawal state.
The dependence syndrome may be present for a specific
psychoactive substance (e.g. tobacco, alcohol, or
diazepam), for a class of substances (e.g. opioid
drugs), or for a wider range of pharmacologically
different psychoactive substances.
Incl.:
Chronic alcoholism
Dipsomania
Drug addiction
.3
Withdrawal state
A group of symptoms of variable clustering and severity
occurring on absolute or relative withdrawal of a
psychoactive substance after persistent use of that
substance. The onset and course of the withdrawal state
are time-limited and are related to the type of
psychoactive substance and dose being used immediately
before cessation or reduction of use. The withdrawal
state may be complicated by convulsions.
.4
Withdrawal state with delirium
A condition where the withdrawal state as defined in the
common fourth character .3 is complicated by delirium as
defined in F05.-. Convulsions may also occur. When
organic factors are also considered to play a role in
the etiology, the condition should be classified to
F05.8.
Incl.:
Delirium tremens (alcohol-induced)
.5
Psychotic disorder
A cluster of psychotic phenomena that occur during or
following psychoactive substance use but that are not
explained on the basis of acute intoxication alone and
do not form part of a withdrawal state. The disorder is
characterized by hallucinations (typically auditory, but
often in more than one sensory modality), perceptual
distortions, delusions (often of a paranoid or
persecutory nature), psychomotor disturbances
(excitement or stupor), and an abnormal affect, which
may range from intense fear to ecstasy. The sensorium is
usually clear but some degree of clouding of
consciousness, though not severe confusion, may be
present.
A syndrome associated with chronic prominent impairment
of recent and remote memory. Immediate recall is usually
preserved and recent memory is characteristically more
disturbed than remote memory. Disturbances of time sense
and ordering of events are usually evident, as are
difficulties in learning new material. Confabulation may
be marked but is not invariably present. Other cognitive
functions are usually relatively well preserved and
amnesic defects are out of proportion to other
disturbances.
Incl.:
Amnestic disorder, alcohol- or drug-induced
Korsakov psychosis or syndrome, alcohol- or other
psychoactive substance-induced or unspecified
Use additional code, (E51.2†,
G32.8*) , if
desired, when associated with Wernicke’s disease or
syndrome.
A disorder in which alcohol- or psychoactive
substance-induced changes of cognition, affect,
personality, or behaviour persist beyond the period
during which a direct psychoactive substance-related
effect might reasonably be assumed to be operating.
Onset of the disorder should be directly related to the
use of the psychoactive substance. Cases in which
initial onset of the state occurs later than episode(s)
of such substance use should be coded here only where
clear and strong evidence is available to attribute the
state to the residual effect of the psychoactive
substance. Flashbacks may be distinguished from
psychotic state partly by their episodic nature,
frequently of very short duration, and by their
duplication of previous alcohol- or other psychoactive
substance-related experiences.
Incl.:
Alcoholic dementia NOS
Chronic alcoholic brain syndrome
Dementia and other milder forms of persisting
impairment of cognitive functions
This category should be used when two or more psychoactive
substances are known to be involved, but it is impossible to
assess which substance is contributing most to the disorders.
It should also be used when the exact identity of some or even
all the psychoactive substances being used is uncertain or
unknown, since many multiple drug users themselves often do
not know the details of what they are taking.
Incl.:
misuse of drugs NOS
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter V Mental and behavioural disorders (F00-F99)
This block brings together schizophrenia, as the most
important member of the group, schizotypal disorder,
persistent delusional disorders, and a larger group of acute
and transient psychotic disorders. Schizoaffective disorders
have been retained here in spite of their controversial
nature.
The schizophrenic disorders are characterized in general by
fundamental and characteristic distortions of thinking and
perception, and affects that are inappropriate or blunted.
Clear consciousness and intellectual capacity are usually
maintained although certain cognitive deficits may evolve in
the course of time. The most important psychopathological
phenomena include thought echo; thought insertion or
withdrawal; thought broadcasting; delusional perception and
delusions of control; influence or passivity; hallucinatory
voices commenting or discussing the patient in the third
person; thought disorders and negative symptoms.
The course of schizophrenic disorders can be either
continuous, or episodic with progressive or stable deficit, or
there can be one or more episodes with complete or incomplete
remission. The diagnosis of schizophrenia should not be made
in the presence of extensive depressive or manic symptoms
unless it is clear that schizophrenic symptoms antedate the
affective disturbance. Nor should schizophrenia be diagnosed
in the presence of overt brain disease or during states of
drug intoxication or withdrawal. Similar disorders developing
in the presence of epilepsy or other brain disease should be
classified under F06.2, and those induced by psychoactive
substances under F10-F19 with common fourth character .5.
Paranoid schizophrenia is dominated by relatively stable,
often paranoid delusions, usually accompanied by
hallucinations, particularly of the auditory variety, and
perceptual disturbances. Disturbances of affect, volition and
speech, and catatonic symptoms, are either absent or
relatively inconspicuous.
A form of schizophrenia in which affective changes are
prominent, delusions and hallucinations fleeting and
fragmentary, behaviour irresponsible and unpredictable, and
mannerisms common. The mood is shallow and inappropriate,
thought is disorganized, and speech is incoherent. There is a
tendency to social isolation. Usually the prognosis is poor
because of the rapid development of "negative" symptoms,
particularly flattening of affect and loss of volition.
Hebephrenia should normally be diagnosed only in adolescents
or young adults.
Catatonic schizophrenia is dominated by prominent psychomotor
disturbances that may alternate between extremes such as
hyperkinesis and stupor, or automatic obedience and
negativism. Constrained attitudes and postures may be
maintained for long periods. Episodes of violent excitement
may be a striking feature of the condition. The catatonic
phenomena may be combined with a dream-like (oneiroid) state
with vivid scenic hallucinations.
Psychotic conditions meeting the general diagnostic criteria
for schizophrenia but not conforming to any of the subtypes in
F20.0-F20.2, or exhibiting the features of more than one of
them without a clear predominance of a particular set of
diagnostic characteristics.
A depressive episode, which may be prolonged, arising in the
aftermath of a schizophrenic illness. Some schizophrenic
symptoms, either "positive" or "negative", must still be
present but they no longer dominate the clinical picture.
These depressive states are associated with an increased risk
of suicide. If the patient no longer has any schizophrenic
symptoms, a depressive episode should be diagnosed (F32.-). If
schizophrenic symptoms are still florid and prominent, the
diagnosis should remain that of the appropriate schizophrenic
subtype (F20.0-F20.3).
A chronic stage in the development of a schizophrenic illness
in which there has been a clear progression from an early
stage to a later stage characterized by long- term, though not
necessarily irreversible, "negative" symptoms, e.g.
psychomotor slowing; underactivity; blunting of affect;
passivity and lack of initiative; poverty of quantity or
content of speech; poor nonverbal communication by facial
expression, eye contact, voice modulation and posture; poor
self-care and social performance.
A disorder in which there is an insidious but progressive
development of oddities of conduct, inability to meet the
demands of society, and decline in total performance. The
characteristic negative features of residual schizophrenia
(e.g. blunting of affect and loss of volition) develop without
being preceded by any overt psychotic symptoms.
A disorder characterized by eccentric behaviour and anomalies
of thinking and affect which resemble those seen in
schizophrenia, though no definite and characteristic
schizophrenic anomalies occur at any stage. The symptoms may
include a cold or inappropriate affect; anhedonia; odd or
eccentric behaviour; a tendency to social withdrawal; paranoid
or bizarre ideas not amounting to true delusions; obsessive
ruminations; thought disorder and perceptual disturbances;
occasional transient quasi-psychotic episodes with intense
illusions, auditory or other hallucinations, and delusion-like
ideas, usually occurring without external provocation. There
is no definite onset and evolution and course are usually
those of a personality disorder.
Includes a variety of disorders in which long-standing
delusions constitute the only, or the most conspicuous,
clinical characteristic and which cannot be classified as
organic, schizophrenic or affective. Delusional disorders that
have lasted for less than a few months should be classified,
at least temporarily, under F23.-.
A disorder characterized by the development either of a single
delusion or of a set of related delusions that are usually
persistent and sometimes lifelong. The content of the delusion
or delusions is very variable. Clear and persistent auditory
hallucinations (voices), schizophrenic symptoms such as
delusions of control and marked blunting of affect, and
definite evidence of brain disease are all incompatible with
this diagnosis. However, the presence of occasional or
transitory auditory hallucinations, particularly in elderly
patients, does not rule out this diagnosis, provided that they
are not typically schizophrenic and form only a small part of
the overall clinical picture.
Disorders in which the delusion or delusions are accompanied
by persistent hallucinatory voices or by schizophrenic
symptoms that do not justify a diagnosis of schizophrenia
(F20.-).
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the acute
onset of psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations,
and perceptual disturbances, and by the severe disruption of
ordinary behaviour. Acute onset is defined as a crescendo
development of a clearly abnormal clinical picture in about
two weeks or less. For these disorders there is no evidence of
organic causation. Perplexity and puzzlement are often present
but disorientation for time, place and person is not
persistent or severe enough to justify a diagnosis of
organically caused delirium (F05.-). Complete recovery usually
occurs within a few months, often within a few weeks or even
days. If the disorder persists, a change in classification
will be necessary. The disorder may or may not be associated
with acute stress, defined as usually stressful events
preceding the onset by one to two weeks.
F23.0Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without
symptoms of schizophrenia
Definition
An acute psychotic disorder in which hallucinations, delusions
or perceptual disturbances are obvious but markedly variable,
changing from day to day or even from hour to hour. Emotional
turmoil with intense transient feelings of happiness or
ecstasy, or anxiety and irritability, is also frequently
present. The polymorphism and instability are characteristic
for the overall clinical picture and the psychotic features do
not justify a diagnosis of schizophrenia (F20.-). These
disorders often have an abrupt onset, developing rapidly
within a few days, and they frequently show a rapid resolution
of symptoms with no recurrence. If the symptoms persist the
diagnosis should be changed to persistent delusional disorder
(F22.-).
Incl.:
Bouffée délirante without symptoms of schizophrenia or
unspecified
Cycloid psychosis without symptoms of schizophrenia or
unspecified
F23.1Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder with symptoms
of schizophrenia
Definition
An acute psychotic disorder in which the polymorphic and
unstable clinical picture is present, as described in F23.0;
despite this instability, however, some symptoms typical of
schizophrenia are also in evidence for the majority of the
time. If the schizophrenic symptoms persist the diagnosis
should be changed to schizophrenia (F20.-).
An acute psychotic disorder in which the psychotic symptoms
are comparatively stable and justify a diagnosis of
schizophrenia, but have lasted for less than about one month;
the polymorphic unstable features, as described in F23.0, are
absent. If the schizophrenic symptoms persist the diagnosis
should be changed to schizophrenia (F20.-).
Acute psychotic disorders in which comparatively stable
delusions or hallucinations are the main clinical features,
but do not justify a diagnosis of schizophrenia (F20.-). If
the delusions persist the diagnosis should be changed to
persistent delusional disorder (F22.-).
Incl.:
Paranoid reaction
Psychogenic paranoid psychosis
F23.8Other acute and transient psychotic disorders
Definition
Any other specified acute psychotic disorders for which there
is no evidence of organic causation and which do not justify
classification to F23.0-F23.3.
F23.9Acute and transient psychotic disorder, unspecified
A delusional disorder shared by two or more people with close
emotional links. Only one of the people suffers from a genuine
psychotic disorder; the delusions are induced in the other(s)
and usually disappear when the people are separated.
Episodic disorders in which both affective and schizophrenic
symptoms are prominent but which do not justify a diagnosis of
either schizophrenia or depressive or manic episodes. Other
conditions in which affective symptoms are superimposed on a
pre-existing schizophrenic illness, or co-exist or alternate
with persistent delusional disorders of other kinds, are
classified under F20-F29. Mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms
in affective disorders do not justify a diagnosis of
schizoaffective disorder.
A disorder in which both schizophrenic and manic symptoms are
prominent so that the episode of illness does not justify a
diagnosis of either schizophrenia or a manic episode. This
category should be used for both a single episode and a
recurrent disorder in which the majority of episodes are
schizoaffective, manic type.
A disorder in which both schizophrenic and depressive symptoms
are prominent so that the episode of illness does not justify
a diagnosis of either schizophrenia or a depressive episode.
This category should be used for both a single episode and a
recurrent disorder in which the majority of episodes are
schizoaffective, depressive type.
Delusional or hallucinatory disorders that do not justify a
diagnosis of schizophrenia (F20.-), persistent delusional
disorders (F22.-), acute and transient psychotic disorders
(F23.-), psychotic types of manic episode (F30.2), or severe
depressive episode (F32.3).
This block contains disorders in which the fundamental
disturbance is a change in affect or mood to depression (with
or without associated anxiety) or to elation. The mood change
is usually accompanied by a change in the overall level of
activity; most of the other symptoms are either secondary to,
or easily understood in the context of, the change in mood and
activity. Most of these disorders tend to be recurrent and the
onset of individual episodes can often be related to stressful
events or situations.
All the subdivisions of this category should be used only for
a single episode. Hypomanic or manic episodes in individuals
who have had one or more previous affective episodes
(depressive, hypomanic, manic, or mixed) should be coded as
bipolar affective disorder (F31.-).
A disorder characterized by a persistent mild elevation of
mood, increased energy and activity, and usually marked
feelings of well-being and both physical and mental
efficiency. Increased sociability, talkativeness,
over-familiarity, increased sexual energy, and a decreased
need for sleep are often present but not to the extent that
they lead to severe disruption of work or result in social
rejection. Irritability, conceit, and boorish behaviour may
take the place of the more usual euphoric sociability. The
disturbances of mood and behaviour are not accompanied by
hallucinations or delusions.
Mood is elevated out of keeping with the patient's
circumstances and may vary from carefree joviality to almost
uncontrollable excitement. Elation is accompanied by increased
energy, resulting in overactivity, pressure of speech, and a
decreased need for sleep. Attention cannot be sustained, and
there is often marked distractibility. Self-esteem is often
inflated with grandiose ideas and overconfidence. Loss of
normal social inhibitions may result in behaviour that is
reckless, foolhardy, or inappropriate to the circumstances,
and out of character.
In addition to the clinical picture described in F30.1,
delusions (usually grandiose) or hallucinations (usually of
voices speaking directly to the patient) are present, or the
excitement, excessive motor activity, and flight of ideas are
so extreme that the subject is incomprehensible or
inaccessible to ordinary communication.
A disorder characterized by two or more episodes in which the
patient's mood and activity levels are significantly
disturbed, this disturbance consisting on some occasions of an
elevation of mood and increased energy and activity (hypomania
or mania) and on others of a lowering of mood and decreased
energy and activity (depression). Repeated episodes of
hypomania or mania only are classified as bipolar.
F31.0Bipolar affective disorder, current episode
hypomanic
Definition
The patient is currently hypomanic, and has had at least one
other affective episode (hypomanic, manic, depressive, or
mixed) in the past.
F31.1Bipolar affective disorder, current episode manic
without psychotic symptoms
Definition
The patient is currently manic, without psychotic symptoms (as
in F30.1), and has had at least one other affective episode
(hypomanic, manic, depressive, or mixed) in the past.
F31.2Bipolar affective disorder, current episode manic
with psychotic symptoms
Definition
The patient is currently manic, with psychotic symptoms (as in
F30.2), and has had at least one other affective episode
(hypomanic, manic, depressive, or mixed) in the past.
F31.3Bipolar affective disorder, current episode mild or
moderate depression
Definition
The patient is currently depressed, as in a depressive episode
of either mild or moderate severity (F32.0 or F32.1), and has
had at least one authenticated hypomanic, manic, or mixed
affective episode in the past.
F31.4Bipolar affective disorder, current episode severe
depression without psychotic symptoms
Definition
The patient is currently depressed, as in severe depressive
episode without psychotic symptoms (F32.2), and has had at
least one authenticated hypomanic, manic, or mixed affective
episode in the past.
F31.5Bipolar affective disorder, current episode severe
depression with psychotic symptoms
Definition
The patient is currently depressed, as in severe depressive
episode with psychotic symptoms (F32.3), and has had at least
one authenticated hypomanic, manic, or mixed affective episode
in the past.
F31.6Bipolar affective disorder, current episode mixed
Definition
The patient has had at least one authenticated hypomanic,
manic, depressive, or mixed affective episode in the past, and
currently exhibits either a mixture or a rapid alteration of
manic and depressive symptoms.
F31.7Bipolar affective disorder, currently in remission
Definition
The patient has had at least one authenticated hypomanic,
manic, or mixed affective episode in the past, and at least
one other affective episode (hypomanic, manic, depressive, or
mixed) in addition, but is not currently suffering from any
significant mood disturbance, and has not done so for several
months. Periods of remission during prophylactic treatment
should be coded here.
In typical mild, moderate, or severe depressive episodes, the
patient suffers from lowering of mood, reduction of energy,
and decrease in activity. Capacity for enjoyment, interest,
and concentration is reduced, and marked tiredness after even
minimum effort is common. Sleep is usually disturbed and
appetite diminished. Self-esteem and self-confidence are
almost always reduced and, even in the mild form, some ideas
of guilt or worthlessness are often present. The lowered mood
varies little from day to day, is unresponsive to
circumstances and may be accompanied by so-called "somatic"
symptoms, such as loss of interest and pleasurable feelings,
waking in the morning several hours before the usual time,
depression worst in the morning, marked psychomotor
retardation, agitation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and
loss of libido. Depending upon the number and severity of the
symptoms, a depressive episode may be specified as mild,
moderate or severe.
Two or three of the above symptoms are usually present. The
patient is usually distressed by these but will probably be
able to continue with most activities.
Four or more of the above symptoms are usually present and the
patient is likely to have great difficulty in continuing with
ordinary activities.
F32.2Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms
Definition
An episode of depression in which several of the above
symptoms are marked and distressing, typically loss of
self-esteem and ideas of worthlessness or guilt. Suicidal
thoughts and acts are common and a number of "somatic"
symptoms are usually present.
Incl.:
Agitated depression
Major depression
Vital depression
single episode without psychotic symptoms
F32.3Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms
Definition
An episode of depression as described in F32.2, but with the
presence of hallucinations, delusions, psychomotor
retardation, or stupor so severe that ordinary social
activities are impossible; there may be danger to life from
suicide, dehydration, or starvation. The hallucinations and
delusions may or may not be mood-congruent.
A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of depression as
described for depressive episode (F32.-), without any history
of independent episodes of mood elevation and increased energy
(mania). There may, however, be brief episodes of mild mood
elevation and overactivity (hypomania) immediately after a
depressive episode, sometimes precipitated by antidepressant
treatment. The more severe forms of recurrent depressive
disorder (F33.2 and F33.3) have much in common with earlier
concepts such as manic-depressive depression, melancholia,
vital depression and endogenous depression. The first episode
may occur at any age from childhood to old age, the onset may
be either acute or insidious, and the duration varies from a
few weeks to many months. The risk that a patient with
recurrent depressive disorder will have an episode of mania
never disappears completely, however many depressive episodes
have been experienced. If such an episode does occur, the
diagnosis should be changed to bipolar affective disorder
(F31.-).
F33.0Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode mild
Definition
A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of depression,
the current episode being mild, as in F32.0, and without any
history of mania.
F33.1Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode
moderate
Definition
A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of depression,
the current episode being of moderate severity, as in F32.1,
and without any history of mania.
F33.2Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode
severe without psychotic symptoms
Definition
A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of depression,
the current episode being severe without psychotic symptoms,
as in F32.2, and without any history of mania.
Incl.:
Endogenous depression without psychotic symptoms
Major depression, recurrent without psychotic symptoms
Manic-depressive psychosis, depressed type without psychotic
symptoms
Vital depression, recurrent without psychotic symptoms
F33.3Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode
severe with psychotic symptoms
Definition
A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of depression,
the current episode being severe with psychotic symptoms, as
in F32.3, and with no previous episodes of mania.
Incl.:
Endogenous depression with psychotic symptoms
Manic-depressive psychosis, depressed type with psychotic
symptoms
Recurrent severe episodes of:
major depression with psychotic symptoms
psychogenic depressive psychosis
psychotic depression
reactive depressive psychosis
F33.4Recurrent depressive disorder, currently in
remission
Definition
The patient has had two or more depressive episodes as
described in F33.0-F33.3, in the past, but has been free from
depressive symptoms for several months.
Persistent and usually fluctuating disorders of mood in which
the majority of the individual episodes are not sufficiently
severe to warrant being described as hypomanic or mild
depressive episodes. Because they last for many years, and
sometimes for the greater part of the patient's adult life,
they involve considerable distress and disability. In some
instances, recurrent or single manic or depressive episodes
may become superimposed on a persistent affective disorder.
A persistent instability of mood involving numerous periods of
depression and mild elation, none of which is sufficiently
severe or prolonged to justify a diagnosis of bipolar
affective disorder (F31.-) or recurrent depressive disorder
(F33.-). This disorder is frequently found in the relatives of
patients with bipolar affective disorder. Some patients with
cyclothymia eventually develop bipolar affective disorder.
A chronic depression of mood, lasting at least several years,
which is not sufficiently severe, or in which individual
episodes are not sufficiently prolonged, to justify a
diagnosis of severe, moderate, or mild recurrent depressive
disorder (F33.-).
Incl.:
Depressive:
neurosis
personality disorder
Neurotic depression
Persistent anxiety depression
Excl.:
anxiety depression (mild or not persistent) (F41.2)
A group of disorders in which anxiety is evoked only, or
predominantly, in certain well-defined situations that are not
currently dangerous. As a result these situations are
characteristically avoided or endured with dread. The
patient's concern may be focused on individual symptoms like
palpitations or feeling faint and is often associated with
secondary fears of dying, losing control, or going mad.
Contemplating entry to the phobic situation usually generates
anticipatory anxiety. Phobic anxiety and depression often
coexist. Whether two diagnoses, phobic anxiety and depressive
episode, are needed, or only one, is determined by the time
course of the two conditions and by therapeutic considerations
at the time of consultation.
A fairly well-defined cluster of phobias embracing fears of
leaving home, entering shops, crowds and public places, or
travelling alone in trains, buses or planes. Panic disorder is
a frequent feature of both present and past episodes.
Depressive and obsessional symptoms and social phobias are
also commonly present as subsidiary features. Avoidance of the
phobic situation is often prominent, and some agoraphobics
experience little anxiety because they are able to avoid their
phobic situations.
Fear of scrutiny by other people leading to avoidance of
social situations. More pervasive social phobias are usually
associated with low self-esteem and fear of criticism. They
may present as a complaint of blushing, hand tremor, nausea,
or urgency of micturition, the patient sometimes being
convinced that one of these secondary manifestations of their
anxiety is the primary problem. Symptoms may progress to panic
attacks.
Phobias restricted to highly specific situations such as
proximity to particular animals, heights, thunder, darkness,
flying, closed spaces, urinating or defecating in public
toilets, eating certain foods, dentistry, or the sight of
blood or injury. Though the triggering situation is discrete,
contact with it can evoke panic as in agoraphobia or social
phobia.
Disorders in which manifestation of anxiety is the major
symptom and is not restricted to any particular environmental
situation. Depressive and obsessional symptoms, and even some
elements of phobic anxiety, may also be present, provided that
they are clearly secondary or less severe.
The essential feature is recurrent attacks of severe anxiety
(panic), which are not restricted to any particular situation
or set of circumstances and are therefore unpredictable. As
with other anxiety disorders, the dominant symptoms include
sudden onset of palpitations, chest pain, choking sensations,
dizziness, and feelings of unreality (depersonalization or
derealization). There is often also a secondary fear of dying,
losing control, or going mad. Panic disorder should not be
given as the main diagnosis if the patient has a depressive
disorder at the time the attacks start; in these circumstances
the panic attacks are probably secondary to depression.
Anxiety that is generalized and persistent but not restricted
to, or even strongly predominating in, any particular
environmental circumstances (i.e. it is "free-floating"). The
dominant symptoms are variable but include complaints of
persistent nervousness, trembling, muscular tensions,
sweating, lightheadedness, palpitations, dizziness, and
epigastric discomfort. Fears that the patient or a relative
will shortly become ill or have an accident are often
expressed.
This category should be used when symptoms of anxiety and
depression are both present, but neither is clearly
predominant, and neither type of symptom is present to the
extent that justifies a diagnosis if considered separately.
When both anxiety and depressive symptoms are present and
severe enough to justify individual diagnoses, both diagnoses
should be recorded and this category should not be used.
Symptoms of anxiety mixed with features of other disorders in
F42-F48. Neither type of symptom is severe enough to justify a
diagnosis if considered separately.
The essential feature is recurrent obsessional thoughts or
compulsive acts. Obsessional thoughts are ideas, images, or
impulses that enter the patient's mind again and again in a
stereotyped form. They are almost invariably distressing and
the patient often tries, unsuccessfully, to resist them. They
are, however, recognized as his or her own thoughts, even
though they are involuntary and often repugnant. Compulsive
acts or rituals are stereotyped behaviours that are repeated
again and again. They are not inherently enjoyable, nor do
they result in the completion of inherently useful tasks.
Their function is to prevent some objectively unlikely event,
often involving harm to or caused by the patient, which he or
she fears might otherwise occur. Usually, this behaviour is
recognized by the patient as pointless or ineffectual and
repeated attempts are made to resist. Anxiety is almost
invariably present. If compulsive acts are resisted the
anxiety gets worse.
F42.0Predominantly obsessional thoughts or ruminations
Definition
These may take the form of ideas, mental images, or impulses
to act, which are nearly always distressing to the subject.
Sometimes the ideas are an indecisive, endless consideration
of alternatives, associated with an inability to make trivial
but necessary decisions in day-to-day living. The relationship
between obsessional ruminations and depression is particularly
close and a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder should
be preferred only if ruminations arise or persist in the
absence of a depressive episode.
The majority of compulsive acts are concerned with cleaning
(particularly handwashing), repeated checking to ensure that a
potentially dangerous situation has not been allowed to
develop, or orderliness and tidiness. Underlying the overt
behaviour is a fear, usually of danger either to or caused by
the patient, and the ritual is an ineffectual or symbolic
attempt to avert that danger.
F43Reaction
to severe stress, and adjustment disorders
Definition
This category differs from others in that it includes
disorders identifiable on the basis of not only symptoms and
course but also the existence of one or other of two causative
influences: an exceptionally stressful life event producing an
acute stress reaction, or a significant life change leading to
continued unpleasant circumstances that result in an
adjustment disorder. Although less severe psychosocial stress
("life events") may precipitate the onset or contribute to the
presentation of a very wide range of disorders classified
elsewhere in this chapter, its etiological importance is not
always clear and in each case will be found to depend on
individual, often idiosyncratic, vulnerability, i.e. the life
events are neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the
occurrence and form of the disorder. In contrast, the
disorders brought together here are thought to arise always as
a direct consequence of acute severe stress or continued
trauma. The stressful events or the continuing unpleasant
circumstances are the primary and overriding causal factor and
the disorder would not have occurred without their impact. The
disorders in this section can thus be regarded as maladaptive
responses to severe or continued stress, in that they
interfere with successful coping mechanisms and therefore lead
to problems of social functioning.
A transient disorder that develops in an individual without
any other apparent mental disorder in response to exceptional
physical and mental stress and that usually subsides within
hours or days. Individual vulnerability and coping capacity
play a role in the occurrence and severity of acute stress
reactions. The symptoms show a typically mixed and changing
picture and include an initial state of "daze" with some
constriction of the field of consciousness and narrowing of
attention, inability to comprehend stimuli, and
disorientation. This state may be followed either by further
withdrawal from the surrounding situation (to the extent of a
dissociative stupor - F44.2), or by agitation and
over-activity (flight reaction or fugue). Autonomic signs of
panic anxiety (tachycardia, sweating, flushing) are commonly
present. The symptoms usually appear within minutes of the
impact of the stressful stimulus or event, and disappear
within two to three days (often within hours). Partial or
complete amnesia (F44.0) for the episode may be present. If
the symptoms persist, a change in diagnosis should be
considered.
Arises as a delayed or protracted response to a stressful
event or situation (of either brief or long duration) of an
exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature, which is
likely to cause pervasive distress in almost anyone.
Predisposing factors, such as personality traits (e.g.
compulsive, asthenic) or previous history of neurotic illness,
may lower the threshold for the development of the syndrome or
aggravate its course, but they are neither necessary nor
sufficient to explain its occurrence. Typical features include
episodes of repeated reliving of the trauma in intrusive
memories ("flashbacks"), dreams or nightmares, occurring
against the persisting background of a sense of "numbness" and
emotional blunting, detachment from other people,
unresponsiveness to surroundings, anhedonia, and avoidance of
activities and situations reminiscent of the trauma. There is
usually a state of autonomic hyperarousal with hypervigilance,
an enhanced startle reaction, and insomnia. Anxiety and
depression are commonly associated with the above symptoms and
signs, and suicidal ideation is not infrequent. The onset
follows the trauma with a latency period that may range from a
few weeks to months. The course is fluctuating but recovery
can be expected in the majority of cases. In a small
proportion of cases the condition may follow a chronic course
over many years, with eventual transition to an enduring
personality change (F62.0).
States of subjective distress and emotional disturbance,
usually interfering with social functioning and performance,
arising in the period of adaptation to a significant life
change or a stressful life event. The stressor may have
affected the integrity of an individual's social network
(bereavement, separation experiences) or the wider system of
social supports and values (migration, refugee status), or
represented a major developmental transition or crisis (going
to school, becoming a parent, failure to attain a cherished
personal goal, retirement). Individual predisposition or
vulnerability plays an important role in the risk of
occurrence and the shaping of the manifestations of adjustment
disorders, but it is nevertheless assumed that the condition
would not have arisen without the stressor. The manifestations
vary and include depressed mood, anxiety or worry (or mixture
of these), a feeling of inability to cope, plan ahead, or
continue in the present situation, as well as some degree of
disability in 9the performance of daily routine. Conduct
disorders may be an associated feature, particularly in
adolescents. The predominant feature may be a brief or
prolonged depressive reaction, or a disturbance of other
emotions and conduct.
The common themes that are shared by dissociative or
conversion disorders are a partial or complete loss of the
normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of
identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily
movements. All types of dissociative disorders tend to remit
after a few weeks or months, particularly if their onset is
associated with a traumatic life event. More chronic
disorders, particularly paralyses and anaesthesias, may
develop if the onset is associated with insoluble problems or
interpersonal difficulties. These disorders have previously
been classified as various types of "conversion hysteria".
They are presumed to be psychogenic in origin, being
associated closely in time with traumatic events, insoluble
and intolerable problems, or disturbed relationships. The
symptoms often represent the patient's concept of how a
physical illness would be manifest. Medical examination and
investigation do not reveal the presence of any known physical
or neurological disorder. In addition, there is evidence that
the loss of function is an expression of emotional conflicts
or needs. The symptoms may develop in close relationship to
psychological stress, and often appear suddenly. Only
disorders of physical functions normally under voluntary
control and loss of sensations are included here. Disorders
involving pain and other complex physical sensations mediated
by the autonomic nervous system are classified under
somatization disorder (F45.0). The possibility of the later
appearance of serious physical or psychiatric disorders should
always be kept in mind.
The main feature is loss of memory, usually of important
recent events, that is not due to organic mental disorder, and
is too great to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness or
fatigue. The amnesia is usually centred on traumatic events,
such as accidents or unexpected bereavements, and is usually
partial and selective. Complete and generalized amnesia is
rare, and is usually part of a fugue (F44.1). If this is the
case, the disorder should be classified as such. The diagnosis
should not be made in the presence of organic brain disorders,
intoxication, or excessive fatigue.
Dissociative fugue has all the features of dissociative
amnesia, plus purposeful travel beyond the usual everyday
range. Although there is amnesia for the period of the fugue,
the patient's behaviour during this time may appear completely
normal to independent observers.
Dissociative stupor is diagnosed on the basis of a profound
diminution or absence of voluntary movement and normal
responsiveness to external stimuli such as light, noise, and
touch, but examination and investigation reveal no evidence of
a physical cause. In addition, there is positive evidence of
psychogenic causation in the form of recent stressful events
or problems.
Disorders in which there is a temporary loss of the sense of
personal identity and full awareness of the surroundings.
Include here only trance states that are involuntary or
unwanted, occurring outside religious or culturally accepted
situations.
In the commonest varieties there is loss of ability to move
the whole or a part of a limb or limbs. There may be close
resemblance to almost any variety of ataxia, apraxia,
akinesia, aphonia, dysarthria, dyskinesia, seizures, or
paralysis.
Dissociative convulsions may mimic epileptic seizures very
closely in terms of movements, but tongue-biting, bruising due
to falling, and incontinence of urine are rare, and
consciousness is maintained or replaced by a state of stupor
or trance.
Anaesthetic areas of skin often have boundaries that make it
clear that they are associated with the patient's ideas about
bodily functions, rather than medical knowledge. There may be
differential loss between the sensory modalities which cannot
be due to a neurological lesion. Sensory loss may be
accompanied by complaints of paraesthesia. Loss of vision and
hearing are rarely total in dissociative disorders.
The main feature is repeated presentation of physical symptoms
together with persistent requests for medical investigations,
in spite of repeated negative findings and reassurances by
doctors that the symptoms have no physical basis. If any
physical disorders are present, they do not explain the nature
and extent of the symptoms or the distress and preoccupation
of the patient.
The main features are multiple, recurrent and frequently
changing physical symptoms of at least two years duration.
Most patients have a long and complicated history of contact
with both primary and specialist medical care services, during
which many negative investigations or fruitless exploratory
operations may have been carried out. Symptoms may be referred
to any part or system of the body. The course of the disorder
is chronic and fluctuating, and is often associated with
disruption of social, interpersonal, and family behaviour.
Short-lived (less than two years) and less striking symptom
patterns should be classified under undifferentiated
somatoform disorder (F45.1).
When somatoform complaints are multiple, varying and
persistent, but the complete and typical clinical picture of
somatization disorder is not fulfilled, the diagnosis of
undifferentiated somatoform disorder should be considered.
The essential feature is a persistent preoccupation with the
possibility of having one or more serious and progressive
physical disorders. Patients manifest persistent somatic
complaints or a persistent preoccupation with their physical
appearance. Normal or commonplace sensations and appearances
are often interpreted by patients as abnormal and distressing,
and attention is usually focused upon only one or two organs
or systems of the body. Marked depression and anxiety are
often present, and may justify additional diagnoses.
Symptoms are presented by the patient as if they were due to a
physical disorder of a system or organ that is largely or
completely under autonomic innervation and control, i.e. the
cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital
systems. The symptoms are usually of two types, neither of
which indicates a physical disorder of the organ or system
concerned. First, there are complaints based upon objective
signs of autonomic arousal, such as palpitations, sweating,
flushing, tremor, and expression of fear and distress about
the possibility of a physical disorder. Second, there are
subjective complaints of a nonspecific or changing nature such
as fleeting aches and pains, sensations of burning, heaviness,
tightness, and feelings of being bloated or distended, which
are referred by the patient to a specific organ or system.
Incl.:
Cardiac neurosis
Da Costa syndrome
Gastric neurosis
Neurocirculatory asthenia
Psychogenic forms of:
aerophagy
cough
diarrhoea
dyspepsia
dysuria
flatulence
hiccough
hyperventilation
increased frequency of micturition
irritable bowel syndrome
pylorospasm
Excl.:
psychological and behavioural factors associated with disorders
or diseases classified elsewhere (F54)
The predominant complaint is of persistent, severe, and
distressing pain, which cannot be explained fully by a
physiological process or a physical disorder, and which occurs
in association with emotional conflict or psychosocial
problems that are sufficient to allow the conclusion that they
are the main causative influences. The result is usually a
marked increase in support and attention, either personal or
medical. Pain presumed to be of psychogenic origin occurring
during the course of depressive disorders or schizophrenia
should not be included here.
Any other disorders of sensation, function and behaviour, not
due to physical disorders, which are not mediated through the
autonomic nervous system, which are limited to specific
systems or parts of the body, and which are closely associated
in time with stressful events or problems.
Considerable cultural variations occur in the presentation of
this disorder, and two main types occur, with substantial
overlap. In one type, the main feature is a complaint of
increased fatigue after mental effort, often associated with
some decrease in occupational performance or coping efficiency
in daily tasks. The mental fatiguability is typically
described as an unpleasant intrusion of distracting
associations or recollections, difficulty in concentrating,
and generally inefficient thinking. In the other type, the
emphasis is on feelings of bodily or physical weakness and
exhaustion after only minimal effort, accompanied by a feeling
of muscular aches and pains and inability to relax. In both
types a variety of other unpleasant physical feelings is
common, such as dizziness, tension headaches, and feelings of
general instability. Worry about decreasing mental and bodily
well-being, irritability, anhedonia, and varying minor degrees
of both depression and anxiety are all common. Sleep is often
disturbed in its initial and middle phases but hypersomnia may
also be prominent.
Incl.:
Fatigue syndrome
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify previous physical
illness.
A rare disorder in which the patient complains spontaneously
that his or her mental activity, body, and surroundings are
changed in their quality, so as to be unreal, remote, or
automatized. Among the varied phenomena of the syndrome,
patients complain most frequently of loss of emotions and
feelings of estrangement or detachment from their thinking,
their body, or the real world. In spite of the dramatic nature
of the experience, the patient is aware of the unreality of
the change. The sensorium is normal and the capacity for
emotional expression intact. Depersonalization-derealization
symptoms may occur as part of a diagnosable schizophrenic,
depressive, phobic, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. In such
cases the diagnosis should be that of the main disorder.
A disorder characterized by deliberate weight loss, induced
and sustained by the patient. It occurs most commonly in
adolescent girls and young women, but adolescent boys and
young men may also be affected, as may children approaching
puberty and older women up to the menopause. The disorder is
associated with a specific psychopathology whereby a dread of
fatness and flabbiness of body contour persists as an
intrusive overvalued idea, and the patients impose a low
weight threshold on themselves. There is usually
undernutrition of varying severity with secondary endocrine
and metabolic changes and disturbances of bodily function. The
symptoms include restricted dietary choice, excessive
exercise, induced vomiting and purgation, and use of appetite
suppressants and diuretics.
Disorders that fulfil some of the features of anorexia nervosa
but in which the overall clinical picture does not justify
that diagnosis. For instance, one of the key symptoms, such as
amenorrhoea or marked dread of being fat, may be absent in the
presence of marked weight loss and weight-reducing behaviour.
This diagnosis should not be made in the presence of known
physical disorders associated with weight loss.
A syndrome characterized by repeated bouts of overeating and
an excessive preoccupation with the control of body weight,
leading to a pattern of overeating followed by vomiting or use
of purgatives. This disorder shares many psychological
features with anorexia nervosa, including an overconcern with
body shape and weight. Repeated vomiting is likely to give
rise to disturbances of body electrolytes and physical
complications. There is often, but not always, a history of an
earlier episode of anorexia nervosa, the interval ranging from
a few months to several years.
Disorders that fulfil some of the features of bulimia nervosa,
but in which the overall clinical picture does not justify
that diagnosis. For instance, there may be recurrent bouts of
overeating and overuse of purgatives without significant
weight change, or the typical overconcern about body shape and
weight may be absent.
F50.4Overeating associated with other psychological
disturbances
Definition
Overeating due to stressful events, such as bereavement,
accident, childbirth, etc.
F50.5Vomiting associated with other psychological
disturbances
Definition
Repeated vomiting that occurs in dissociative disorders
(F44.-) and hypochondriacal disorder (F45.2), and that is not
solely due to conditions classified outside this chapter. This
subcategory may also be used in addition to O21.- (excessive
vomiting in pregnancy) when emotional factors are predominant
in the causation of recurrent nausea and vomiting in
pregnancy.
In many cases, a disturbance of sleep is one of the symptoms
of another disorder, either mental or physical. Whether a
sleep disorder in a given patient is an independent condition
or simply one of the features of another disorder classified
elsewhere, either in this chapter or in others, should be
determined on the basis of its clinical presentation and
course as well as on the therapeutic considerations and
priorities at the time of the consultation. Generally, if the
sleep disorder is one of the major complaints and is perceived
as a condition in itself, the present code should be used
along with other pertinent diagnoses describing the
psychopathology and pathophysiology involved in a given case.
This category includes only those sleep disorders in which
emotional causes are considered to be a primary factor, and
which are not due to identifiable physical disorders
classified elsewhere.
A condition of unsatisfactory quantity and/or quality of
sleep, which persists for a considerable period of time,
including difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying
asleep, or early final wakening. Insomnia is a common symptom
of many mental and physical disorders, and should be
classified here in addition to the basic disorder only if it
dominates the clinical picture.
Hypersomnia is defined as a condition of either excessive
daytime sleepiness and sleep attacks (not accounted for by an
inadequate amount of sleep) or prolonged transition to the
fully aroused state upon awakening. In the absence of an
organic factor for the occurrence of hypersomnia, this
condition is usually associated with mental disorders.
F51.2Nonorganic disorder of the sleep-wake schedule
Definition
A lack of synchrony between the sleep-wake schedule and the
desired sleep-wake schedule for the individual's environment,
resulting in a complaint of either insomnia or hypersomnia.
Incl.:
Psychogenic inversion of:
circadian
nyctohemeral
sleep
rhythm
Excl.:
disorders of the sleep-wake schedule (organic) (G47.2)
A state of altered consciousness in which phenomena of sleep
and wakefulness are combined. During a sleepwalking episode
the individual arises from bed, usually during the first third
of nocturnal sleep, and walks about, exhibiting low levels of
awareness, reactivity, and motor skill. Upon awakening, there
is usually no recall of the event.
Nocturnal episodes of extreme terror and panic associated with
intense vocalization, motility, and high levels of autonomic
discharge. The individual sits up or gets up, usually during
the first third of nocturnal sleep, with a panicky scream.
Quite often he or she rushes to the door as if trying to
escape, although very seldom leaves the room. Recall of the
event, if any, is very limited (usually to one or two
fragmentary mental images).
Dream experiences loaded with anxiety or fear. There is very
detailed recall of the dream content. The dream experience is
very vivid and usually includes themes involving threats to
survival, security, or self-esteem. Quite often there is a
recurrence of the same or similar frightening nightmare
themes. During a typical episode there is a degree of
autonomic discharge but no appreciable vocalization or body
motility. Upon awakening the individual rapidly becomes alert
and oriented.
F52Sexual
dysfunction, not caused by organic disorder or disease
Definition
Sexual dysfunction covers the various ways in which an
individual is unable to participate in a sexual relationship
as he or she would wish. Sexual response is a psychosomatic
process and both psychological and somatic processes are
usually involved in the causation of sexual dysfunction.
Either the prospect of sexual interaction produces sufficient
fear or anxiety that sexual activity is avoided (sexual
aversion) or sexual responses occur normally and orgasm is
experienced but there is a lack of appropriate pleasure (lack
of sexual enjoyment).
The principal problem in men is erectile dysfunction
(difficulty in developing or maintaining an erection suitable
for satisfactory intercourse). In women, the principal problem
is vaginal dryness or failure of lubrication.
Dyspareunia (or pain during sexual intercourse) occurs in both
women and men. It can often be attributed to local pathology
and should then properly be categorized under the pathological
condition. This category is to be used only if there is no
primary nonorganic sexual dysfunction (e.g. vaginismus or
vaginal dryness).
F52.8Other sexual dysfunction, not caused by organic
disorder or disease
F52.9Unspecified sexual dysfunction, not caused by
organic disorder or disease
F53Mental
and behavioural disorders associated with the puerperium, not
elsewhere classified
Definition
This category includes only mental disorders associated with
the puerperium (commencing within six weeks of delivery) that
do not meet the criteria for disorders classified elsewhere in
this chapter, either because insufficient information is
available, or because it is considered that special additional
clinical features are present that make their classification
elsewhere inappropriate.
F53.0Mild mental and behavioural disorders associated
with the puerperium, not elsewhere classified
Incl.:
Depression:
postnatal NOS
postpartum NOS
F53.1Severe mental and behavioural disorders associated
with the puerperium, not elsewhere classified
Incl.:
Puerperal psychosis NOS
F53.8Other mental and behavioural disorders associated
with the puerperium, not elsewhere classified
F54Psychological
and behavioural factors associated with disorders or diseases
classified elsewhere
Definition
This category should be used to record the presence of
psychological or behavioural influences thought to have played
a major part in the aetiology of physical disorders which can
be classified to other chapters. Any resulting mental
disturbances are usually mild, and often prolonged (such as
worry, emotional conflict, apprehension) and do not of
themselves justify the use of any of the categories in this
chapter.
A wide variety of medicaments and folk remedies may be
involved, but the particularly important groups are: (a)
psychotropic drugs that do not produce dependence, such as
antidepressants, (b) laxatives, and (c) analgesics that may be
purchased without medical prescription, such as aspirin and
paracetamol.
Persistent use of these substances often involves unnecessary
contacts with medical professionals or supporting staff, and
is sometimes accompanied by harmful physical effects of the
substances. Attempts to dissuade or forbid the use of the
substance are often met with resistance; for laxatives and
analgesics this may be in spite of warnings about (or even the
development of) physical harm such as renal dysfunction or
electrolyte disturbances. Although it is usually clear that
the patient has a strong motivation to take the substance,
dependence or withdrawal symptoms do not develop as in the
case of the psychoactive substances specified in F10-F19.
This block includes a variety of conditions and behaviour
patterns of clinical significance which tend to be persistent
and appear to be the expression of the individual's
characteristic lifestyle and mode of relating to himself or
herself and others. Some of these conditions and patterns of
behaviour emerge early in the course of individual
development, as a result of both constitutional factors and
social experience, while others are acquired later in life.
Specific personality disorders (F60.-), mixed and other
personality disorders (F61.-), and enduring personality
changes (F62.-) are deeply ingrained and enduring behaviour
patterns, manifesting as inflexible responses to a broad range
of personal and social situations. They represent extreme or
significant deviations from the way in which the average
individual in a given culture perceives, thinks, feels and,
particularly, relates to others. Such behaviour patterns tend
to be stable and to encompass multiple domains of behaviour
and psychological functioning. They are frequently, but not
always, associated with various degrees of subjective distress
and problems of social performance.
These are severe disturbances in the personality and
behavioural tendencies of the individual; not directly
resulting from disease, damage, or other insult to the brain,
or from another psychiatric disorder; usually involving
several areas of the personality; nearly always associated
with considerable personal distress and social disruption; and
usually manifest since childhood or adolescence and continuing
throughout adulthood.
Personality disorder characterized by excessive sensitivity to
setbacks, unforgiveness of insults; suspiciousness and a
tendency to distort experience by misconstruing the neutral or
friendly actions of others as hostile or contemptuous;
recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding the
sexual fidelity of the spouse or sexual partner; and a
combative and tenacious sense of personal rights. There may be
excessive self-importance, and there is often excessive
self-reference.
Personality disorder characterized by withdrawal from
affectional, social and other contacts with preference for
fantasy, solitary activities, and introspection. There is a
limited capacity to express feelings and to experience
pleasure.
Personality disorder characterized by disregard for social
obligations, and callous unconcern for the feelings of others.
There is gross disparity between behaviour and the prevailing
social norms. Behaviour is not readily modifiable by adverse
experience, including punishment. There is a low tolerance to
frustration and a low threshold for discharge of aggression,
including violence; there is a tendency to blame others, or to
offer plausible rationalizations for the behaviour bringing
the patient into conflict with society.
Personality disorder characterized by a definite tendency to
act impulsively and without consideration of the consequences;
the mood is unpredictable and capricious. There is a liability
to outbursts of emotion and an incapacity to control the
behavioural explosions. There is a tendency to quarrelsome
behaviour and to conflicts with others, especially when
impulsive acts are thwarted or censored. Two types may be
distinguished: the impulsive type, characterized predominantly
by emotional instability and lack of impulse control, and the
borderline type, characterized in addition by disturbances in
self-image, aims, and internal preferences, by chronic
feelings of emptiness, by intense and unstable interpersonal
relationships, and by a tendency to self-destructive
behaviour, including suicide gestures and attempts.
Personality disorder characterized by shallow and labile
affectivity, self-dramatization, theatricality, exaggerated
expression of emotions, suggestibility, egocentricity,
self-indulgence, lack of consideration for others, easily hurt
feelings, and continuous seeking for appreciation, excitement
and attention.
Personality disorder characterized by feelings of doubt,
perfectionism, excessive conscientiousness, checking and
preoccupation with details, stubbornness, caution, and
rigidity. There may be insistent and unwelcome thoughts or
impulses that do not attain the severity of an
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Personality disorder characterized by feelings of tension and
apprehension, insecurity and inferiority. There is a
continuous yearning to be liked and accepted, a
hypersensitivity to rejection and criticism with restricted
personal attachments, and a tendency to avoid certain
activities by habitual exaggeration of the potential dangers
or risks in everyday situations.
Personality disorder characterized by pervasive passive
reliance on other people to make one's major and minor life
decisions, great fear of abandonment, feelings of helplessness
and incompetence, passive compliance with the wishes of elders
and others, and a weak response to the demands of daily life.
Lack of vigour may show itself in the intellectual or
emotional spheres; there is often a tendency to transfer
responsibility to others.
This category is intended for personality disorders that are
often troublesome but do not demonstrate the specific pattern
of symptoms that characterize the disorders described in
F60.-. As a result they are often more difficult to diagnose
than the disorders in F60.-.
Examples include:
mixed personality disorders with features of several of
the disorders in F60.- but without a predominant set of
symptoms that would allow a more specific diagnosis
troublesome personality changes, not classifiable to F60.-
or F62.-, and regarded as secondary to a main diagnosis of
a coexisting affective or anxiety disorder.
F62Enduring
personality changes, not attributable to brain damage and disease
Definition
Disorders of adult personality and behaviour that have
developed in persons with no previous personality disorder
following exposure to catastrophic or excessive prolonged
stress, or following a severe psychiatric illness. These
diagnoses should be made only when there is evidence of a
definite and enduring change in a person's pattern of
perceiving, relating to, or thinking about the environment and
himself or herself. The personality change should be
significant and be associated with inflexible and maladaptive
behaviour not present before the pathogenic experience. The
change should not be a direct manifestation of another mental
disorder or a residual symptom of any antecedent mental
disorder.
Excl.:
personality and behavioural disorder due to brain disease,
damage and dysfunction (F07.-)
F62.0Enduring personality change after catastrophic
experience
Definition
Enduring personality change, present for at least two years,
following exposure to catastrophic stress. The stress must be
so extreme that it is not necessary to consider personal
vulnerability in order to explain its profound effect on the
personality. The disorder is characterized by a hostile or
distrustful attitude toward the world, social withdrawal,
feelings of emptiness or hopelessness, a chronic feeling of
"being on edge" as if constantly threatened, and estrangement.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (F43.1) may precede this type
of personality change.
Incl.:
Personality change after:
concentration camp experiences
disasters
prolonged:
captivity with an imminent possibility of being killed
exposure to life-threatening situations such as being a
victim of terrorism
F62.1Enduring personality change after psychiatric
illness
Definition
Personality change, persisting for at least two years,
attributable to the traumatic experience of suffering from a
severe psychiatric illness. The change cannot be explained by
a previous personality disorder and should be differentiated
from residual schizophrenia and other states of incomplete
recovery from an antecedent mental disorder. This disorder is
characterized by an excessive dependence on and a demanding
attitude towards others; conviction of being changed or
stigmatized by the illness, leading to an inability to form
and maintain close and confiding personal relationships and to
social iso-lation; passivity, reduced interests, and
diminished involvement in leisure activities; persistent
complaints of being ill, which may be associated with
hypochondriacal claims and illness behaviour; dysphoric or
labile mood, not due to the presence of a current mental
disorder or antecedent mental disorder with residual affective
symptoms; and longstanding problems in social and occupational
functioning.
This category includes certain disorders of behaviour that are
not classifiable under other categories. They are
characterized by repeated acts that have no clear rational
motivation, cannot be controlled, and generally harm the
patient's own interests and those of other people. The patient
reports that the behaviour is associated with impulses to
action. The cause of these disorders is not understood and
they are grouped together because of broad descriptive
similarities, not because they are known to share any other
important features.
Excl.:
habitual excessive use of alcohol or psychoactive substances (F10-F19)
impulse and habit disorders involving sexual behaviour (F65.-)
The disorder consists of frequent, repeated episodes of
gambling that dominate the patient's life to the detriment of
social, occupational, material, and family values and
commitments.
Disorder characterized by multiple acts of, or attempts at,
setting fire to property or other objects, without apparent
motive, and by a persistent preoccupation with subjects
related to fire and burning. This behaviour is often
associated with feelings of increasing tension before the act,
and intense excitement immediately afterwards.
Disorder characterized by repeated failure to resist impulses
to steal objects that are not acquired for personal use or
monetary gain. The objects may instead be discarded, given
away, or hoarded. This behaviour is usually accompanied by an
increasing sense of tension before, and a sense of
gratification during and immediately after, the act.
A disorder characterized by noticeable hair-loss due to a
recurrent failure to resist impulses to pull out hairs. The
hair-pulling is usually preceded by mounting tension and is
followed by a sense of relief or gratification. This diagnosis
should not be made if there is a pre-existing inflammation of
the skin, or if the hair-pulling is in response to a delusion
or a hallucination.
Excl.:
stereotyped movement disorder with hair-plucking (F98.4)
Other kinds of persistently repeated maladaptive behaviour
that are not secondary to a recognized psychiatric syndrome,
and in which it appears that the patient is repeatedly failing
to resist impulses to carry out the behaviour. There is a
prodromal period of tension with a feeling of release at the
time of the act.
A desire to live and be accepted as a member of the opposite
sex, usually accompanied by a sense of discomfort with, or
inappropriateness of, one's anatomic sex, and a wish to have
surgery and hormonal treatment to make one's body as congruent
as possible with one's preferred sex.
The wearing of clothes of the opposite sex for part of the
individual's existence in order to enjoy the temporary
experience of membership of the opposite sex, but without any
desire for a more permanent sex change or associated surgical
reassignment, and without sexual excitement accompanying the
cross-dressing.
Incl.:
Gender identity disorder of adolescence or adulthood,
nontranssexual type
A disorder, usually first manifest during early childhood (and
always well before puberty), characterized by a persistent and
intense distress about assigned sex, together with a desire to
be (or insistence that one is) of the other sex. There is a
persistent preoccupation with the dress and activities of the
opposite sex and repudiation of the individual's own sex. The
diagnosis requires a profound disturbance of the normal gender
identity; mere tomboyishness in girls or girlish behaviour in
boys is not sufficient. Gender identity disorders in
individuals who have reached or are entering puberty should
not be classified here but in F66.-.
Reliance on some non-living object as a stimulus for sexual
arousal and sexual gratification. Many fetishes are extensions
of the human body, such as articles of clothing or footwear.
Other common examples are characterized by some particular
texture such as rubber, plastic or leather. Fetish objects
vary in their importance to the individual. In some cases they
simply serve to enhance sexual excitement achieved in ordinary
ways (e.g. having the partner wear a particular garment).
The wearing of clothes of the opposite sex principally to
obtain sexual excitement and to create the appearance of a
person of the opposite sex. Fetishistic transvestism is
distinguished from transsexual transvestism by its clear
association with sexual arousal and the strong desire to
remove the clothing once orgasm occurs and sexual arousal
declines. It can occur as an earlier phase in the development
of transsexualism.
A recurrent or persistent tendency to expose the genitalia to
strangers (usually of the opposite sex) or to people in public
places, without inviting or intending closer contact. There is
usually, but not invariably, sexual excitement at the time of
the exposure and the act is commonly followed by masturbation.
A recurrent or persistent tendency to look at people engaging
in sexual or intimate behaviour such as undressing. This is
carried out without the observed people being aware, and
usually leads to sexual excitement and masturbation.
A preference for sexual activity which involves the infliction
of pain or humiliation, or bondage. If the subject prefers to
be the recipient of such stimulation this is called masochism;
if the provider, sadism. Often an individual obtains sexual
excitement from both sadistic and masochistic activities.
Sometimes more than one abnormal sexual preference occurs in
one person and there is none of first rank. The most common
combination is fetishism, transvestism and sadomasochism.
A variety of other patterns of sexual preference and activity,
including making obscene telephone calls, rubbing up against
people for sexual stimulation in crowded public places, sexual
activity with animals, and use of strangulation or anoxia for
intensifying sexual excitement.
The patient suffers from uncertainty about his or her gender
identity or sexual orientation, which causes anxiety or
depression. Most commonly this occurs in adolescents who are
not certain whether they are homosexual, heterosexual or
bisexual in orientation, or in individuals who, after a period
of apparently stable sexual orientation (often within a
longstanding relationship), find that their sexual orientation
is changing.
The gender identity or sexual preference (heterosexual,
homosexual, bisexual, or prepubertal) is not in doubt, but the
individual wishes it were different because of associated
psychological and behavioural disorders, and may seek
treatment in order to change it.
The gender identity or sexual orientation (heterosexual,
homosexual, or bisexual) is responsible for difficulties in
forming or maintaining a relationship with a sexual partner.
F66.9Psychosexual development disorder, unspecified
F68Other
disorders of adult personality and behaviour
F68.0Elaboration of physical symptoms for psychological
reasons
Definition
Physical symptoms compatible with and originally due to a
confirmed physical disorder, disease or disability become
exaggerated or prolonged due to the psychological state of the
patient. The patient is commonly distressed by this pain or
disability, and is often preoccupied with worries, which may
be justified, of the possibility of prolonged or progressive
disability or pain.
Incl.:
Compensation neurosis
F68.1Intentional production or feigning of symptoms or
disabilities, either physical or psychological [factitious
disorder]
Definition
The patient feigns symptoms repeatedly for no obvious reason
and may even inflict self-harm in order to produce symptoms or
signs. The motivation is obscure and presumably internal with
the aim of adopting the sick role. The disorder is often
combined with marked disorders of personality and
relationships.
A condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind,
which is especially characterized by impairment of skills
manifested during the developmental period, skills which
contribute to the overall level of intelligence, i.e.
cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities. Retardation
can occur with or without any other mental or physical
condition.
Degrees of mental retardation are conventionally estimated by
standardized intelligence tests. These can be supplemented by
scales assessing social adaptation in a given environment.
These measures provide an approximate indication of the degree
of mental retardation. The diagnosis will also depend on the
overall assessment of intellectual functioning by a skilled
diagnostician.
Intellectual abilities and social adaptation may change over
time, and, however poor, may improve as a result of training
and rehabilitation. Diagnosis should be based on the current
levels of functioning.
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify associated
conditions such as autism, other developmental disorders,
epilepsy, conduct disorders, or severe physical handicap.
Modifiers
The following fourth-character subdivisions are for use with
categories F70-F79 to identify the extent of impairment of
behaviour:
Code
Title
.0
With the statement of no, or minimal, impairment of
behaviour
.1
Significant impairment of behaviour requiring attention
or treatment
Approximate IQ range of 50 to 69 (in adults, mental age from 9
to under 12 years). Likely to result in some learning
difficulties in school. Many adults will be able to work and
maintain good social relationships and contribute to society.
Approximate IQ range of 35 to 49 (in adults, mental age from 6
to under 9 years). Likely to result in marked developmental
delays in childhood but most can learn to develop some degree
of independence in self-care and acquire adequate
communication and academic skills. Adults will need varying
degrees of support to live and work in the community.
The disorders included in this block have in common: (a) onset
invariably during infancy or childhood; (b) impairment or
delay in development of functions that are strongly related to
biological maturation of the central nervous system; and (c) a
steady course without remissions and relapses. In most cases,
the functions affected include language, visuo-spatial skills,
and motor coordination. Usually, the delay or impairment has
been present from as early as it could be detected reliably
and will diminish progressively as the child grows older,
although milder deficits often remain in adult life.
F80Specific
developmental disorders of speech and language
Definition
Disorders in which normal patterns of language acquisition are
disturbed from the early stages of development. The conditions
are not directly attributable to neurological or speech
mechanism abnormalities, sensory impairments, mental
retardation, or environmental factors. Specific developmental
disorders of speech and language are often followed by
associated problems, such as difficulties in reading and
spelling, abnormalities in interpersonal relationships, and
emotional and behavioural disorders.
A specific developmental disorder in which the child's use of
speech sounds is below the appropriate level for its mental
age, but in which there is a normal level of language skills.
A specific developmental disorder in which the child's ability
to use expressive spoken language is markedly below the
appropriate level for its mental age, but in which language
comprehension is within normal limits. There may or may not be
abnormalities in articulation.
Incl.:
Developmental dysphasia or aphasia, expressive type
Excl.:
acquired aphasia with epilepsy [Landau-Kleffner] (F80.3)
A specific developmental disorder in which the child's
understanding of language is below the appropriate level for
its mental age. In virtually all cases expressive language
will also be markedly affected and abnormalities in word-sound
production are common.
Incl.:
Congenital auditory imperception
Developmental:
dysphasia or aphasia, receptive type
Wernicke aphasia
Word deafness
Excl.:
acquired aphasia with epilepsy [Landau-Kleffner] (F80.3)
F80.3Acquired aphasia with epilepsy [Landau-Kleffner]
Definition
A disorder in which the child, having previously made normal
progress in language development, loses both receptive and
expressive language skills but retains general intelligence;
the onset of the disorder is accompanied by paroxysmal
abnormalities on the EEG, and in the majority of cases also by
epileptic seizures. Usually the onset is between the ages of
three and seven years, with skills being lost over days or
weeks. The temporal association between the onset of seizures
and loss of language is variable, with one preceding the other
(either way round) by a few months to two years. An
inflammatory encephalitic process has been suggested as a
possible cause of this disorder. About two-thirds of patients
are left with a more or less severe receptive language
deficit.
disintegrative disorders of childhood (F84.2-F84.3)
F80.8Other developmental disorders of speech and language
Incl.:
Lisping
F80.9Developmental disorder of speech and language,
unspecified
Incl.:
Language disorder NOS
F81Specific
developmental disorders of scholastic skills
Definition
Disorders in which the normal patterns of skill acquisition
are disturbed from the early stages of development. This is
not simply a consequence of a lack of opportunity to learn, it
is not solely a result of mental retardation, and it is not
due to any form of acquired brain trauma or disease.
The main feature is a specific and significant impairment in
the development of reading skills that is not solely accounted
for by mental age, visual acuity problems, or inadequate
schooling. Reading comprehension skill, reading word
recognition, oral reading skill, and performance of tasks
requiring reading may all be affected. Spelling difficulties
are frequently associated with specific reading disorder and
often remain into adolescence even after some progress in
reading has been made. Specific developmental disorders of
reading are commonly preceded by a history of disorders in
speech or language development. Associated emotional and
behavioural disturbances are common during the school age
period.
The main feature is a specific and significant impairment in
the development of spelling skills in the absence of a history
of specific reading disorder, which is not solely accounted
for by low mental age, visual acuity problems, or inadequate
schooling. The ability to spell orally and to write out words
correctly are both affected.
Incl.:
Specific spelling retardation (without reading disorder)
Involves a specific impairment in arithmetical skills that is
not solely explicable on the basis of general mental
retardation or of inadequate schooling. The deficit concerns
mastery of basic computational skills of addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division rather than of the
more abstract mathematical skills involved in algebra,
trigonometry, geometry, or calculus.
An ill-defined residual category of disorders in which both
arithmetical and reading or spelling skills are significantly
impaired, but in which the disorder is not solely explicable
in terms of general mental retardation or of inadequate
schooling. It should be used for disorders meeting the
criteria for both F81.2 and either F81.0 or F81.1.
F81.8Other developmental disorders of scholastic skills
Incl.:
Developmental expressive writing disorder
F81.9Developmental disorder of scholastic skills,
unspecified
Incl.:
Knowledge acquisition disability NOS
Learning:
disability NOS
disorder NOS
F82Specific
developmental disorder of motor function
Definition
A disorder in which the main feature is a serious impairment
in the development of motor coordination that is not solely
explicable in terms of general intellectual retardation or of
any specific congenital or acquired neurological disorder.
Nevertheless, in most cases a careful clinical examination
shows marked neurodevelopmental immaturities such as
choreiform movements of unsupported limbs or mirror movements
and other associated motor features, as well as signs of
impaired fine and gross motor coordination.
A residual category for disorders in which there is some
admixture of specific developmental disorders of speech and
language, of scholastic skills, and of motor function, but in
which none predominates sufficiently to constitute the prime
diagnosis. This mixed category should be used only when there
is a major overlap between each of these specific
developmental disorders. The disorders are usually, but not
always, associated with some degree of general impairment of
cognitive functions. Thus, the category should be used when
there are dysfunctions meeting the criteria for two or more of
F80.-, F81.- and F82.
A group of disorders characterized by qualitative
abnormalities in reciprocal social interactions and in
patterns of communication, and by a restricted, stereotyped,
repetitive repertoire of interests and activities. These
qualitative abnormalities are a pervasive feature of the
individual's functioning in all situations.
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify any associated
medical condition and mental retardation.
A type of pervasive developmental disorder that is defined by:
(a) the presence of abnormal or impaired development that is
manifest before the age of three years, and (b) the
characteristic type of abnormal functioning in all the three
areas of psychopathology: reciprocal social interaction,
communication, and restricted, stereotyped, repetitive
behaviour. In addition to these specific diagnostic features,
a range of other nonspecific problems are common, such as
phobias, sleeping and eating disturbances, temper tantrums,
and (self-directed) aggression.
A type of pervasive developmental disorder that differs from
childhood autism either in age of onset or in failing to
fulfil all three sets of diagnostic criteria. This subcategory
should be used when there is abnormal and impaired development
that is present only after age three years, and a lack of
sufficient demonstrable abnormalities in one or two of the
three areas of psychopathology required for the diagnosis of
autism (namely, reciprocal social interactions, communication,
and restricted, stereotyped, repetitive behaviour) in spite of
characteristic abnormalities in the other area(s). Atypical
autism arises most often in profoundly retarded individuals
and in individuals with a severe specific developmental
disorder of receptive language.
Incl.:
Atypical childhood psychosis
Mental retardation with autistic features
Coding-Hint
Use additional code (F70-F79), if desired, to identify mental
retardation.
A condition, so far found only in girls, in which apparently
normal early development is followed by partial or complete
loss of speech and of skills in locomotion and use of hands,
together with deceleration in head growth, usually with an
onset between seven and 24 months of age. Loss of purposive
hand movements, hand-wringing stereotypies, and
hyperventilation are characteristic. Social and play
development are arrested but social interest tends to be
maintained. Trunk ataxia and apraxia start to develop by age
four years and choreoathetoid movements frequently follow.
Severe mental retardation almost invariably results.
A type of pervasive developmental disorder that is defined by
a period of entirely normal development before the onset of
the disorder, followed by a definite loss of previously
acquired skills in several areas of development over the
course of a few months. Typically, this is accompanied by a
general loss of interest in the environment, by stereotyped,
repetitive motor mannerisms, and by autistic-like
abnormalities in social interaction and communication. In some
cases the disorder can be shown to be due to some associated
encephalopathy but the diagnosis should be made on the
behavioural features.
Incl.:
Dementia infantilis
Disintegrative psychosis
Heller syndrome
Symbiotic psychosis
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify any associated
neurological condition.
F84.4Overactive disorder associated with mental
retardation and stereotyped movements
Definition
An ill-defined disorder of uncertain nosological validity. The
category is designed to include a group of children with
severe mental retardation (IQ below 35) who show major
problems in hyperactivity and in attention, as well as
stereotyped behaviours. They tend not to benefit from
stimulant drugs (unlike those with an IQ in the normal range)
and may exhibit a severe dysphoric reaction (sometimes with
psychomotor retardation) when given stimulants. In
adolescence, the overactivity tends to be replaced by
underactivity (a pattern that is not usual in hyperkinetic
children with normal intelligence). This syndrome is also
often associated with a variety of developmental delays,
either specific or global. The extent to which the behavioural
pattern is a function of low IQ or of organic brain damage is
not known.
A disorder of uncertain nosological validity, characterized by
the same type of qualitative abnormalities of reciprocal
social interaction that typify autism, together with a
restricted, stereotyped, repetitive repertoire of interests
and activities. It differs from autism primarily in the fact
that there is no general delay or retardation in language or
in cognitive development. This disorder is often associated
with marked clumsiness. There is a strong tendency for the
abnormalities to persist into adolescence and adult life.
Psychotic episodes occasionally occur in early adult life.
A group of disorders characterized by an early onset (usually
in the first five years of life), lack of persistence in
activities that require cognitive involvement, and a tendency
to move from one activity to another without completing any
one, together with disorganized, ill-regulated, and excessive
activity. Several other abnormalities may be associated.
Hyperkinetic children are often reckless and impulsive, prone
to accidents, and find themselves in disciplinary trouble
because of unthinking breaches of rules rather than deliberate
defiance. Their relationships with adults are often socially
disinhibited, with a lack of normal caution and reserve. They
are unpopular with other children and may become isolated.
Impairment of cognitive functions is common, and specific
delays in motor and language development are
disproportionately frequent. Secondary complications include
dissocial behaviour and low self-esteem.
Disorders characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern
of dissocial, aggressive, or defiant conduct. Such behaviour
should amount to major violations of age-appropriate social
expectations; it should therefore be more severe than ordinary
childish mischief or adolescent rebelliousness and should
imply an enduring pattern of behaviour (six months or longer).
Features of conduct disorder can also be symptomatic of other
psychiatric conditions, in which case the underlying diagnosis
should be preferred.
Examples of the behaviours on which the diagnosis is based
include excessive levels of fighting or bullying, cruelty to
other people or animals, severe destructiveness to property,
fire-setting, stealing, repeated lying, truancy from school
and running away from home, unusually frequent and severe
temper tantrums, and disobedience. Any one of these
behaviours, if marked, is sufficient for the diagnosis, but
isolated dissocial acts are not.
F91.0Conduct disorder confined to the family context
Definition
Conduct disorder involving dissocial or aggressive behaviour
(and not merely oppositional, defiant, disruptive behaviour),
in which the abnormal behaviour is entirely, or almost
entirely, confined to the home and to interactions with
members of the nuclear family or immediate household. The
disorder requires that the overall criteria for F91.- be met;
even severely disturbed parent-child relationships are not of
themselves sufficient for diagnosis.
Disorder characterized by the combination of persistent
dissocial or aggressive behaviour (meeting the overall
criteria for F91.- and not merely comprising oppositional,
defiant, disruptive behaviour) with significant pervasive
abnormalities in the individual's relationships with other
children.
Disorder involving persistent dissocial or aggressive
behaviour (meeting the overall criteria for F91.- and not
merely comprising oppositional, defiant, disruptive behaviour)
occurring in individuals who are generally well integrated
into their peer group.
Conduct disorder, usually occurring in younger children,
primarily characterized by markedly defiant, disobedient,
disruptive behaviour that does not include delinquent acts or
the more extreme forms of aggressive or dissocial behaviour.
The disorder requires that the overall criteria for F91.- be
met; even severely mischievous or naughty behaviour is not in
itself sufficient for diagnosis. Caution should be employed
before using this category, especially with older children,
because clinically significant conduct disorder will usually
be accompanied by dissocial or aggressive behaviour that goes
beyond mere defiance, disobedience, or disruptiveness.
A group of disorders characterized by the combination of
persistently aggressive, dissocial or defiant behaviour with
overt and marked symptoms of depression, anxiety or other
emotional upsets. The criteria for both conduct disorders of
childhood (F9l.-) and emotional disorders of childhood (F93.-)
or an adult-type neurotic diagnosis (F40-F48) or a mood
disorder (F30-F39) must be met.
This category requires the combination of conduct disorder
(F91.-) with persistent and marked depression of mood (F32.-),
as demonstrated by symptoms such as excessive misery, loss of
interest and pleasure in usual activities, self-blame, and
hopelessness; disturbances of sleep or appetite may also be
present.
Incl.:
Conduct disorder in F91.- associated with depressive disorder in
F32.-
F92.8Other mixed disorders of conduct and emotions
Definition
This category requires the combination of conduct disorder
(F91.-) with persistent and marked emotional symptoms such as
anxiety, obsessions or compulsions, depersonalization or
derealization, phobias, or hypochondriasis.
Incl.:
Conduct disorder in F91.- associated with:
emotional disorder in F93.-
neurotic disorder in F40-F48
F92.9Mixed disorder of conduct and emotions, unspecified
F93Emotional
disorders with onset specific to childhood
Definition
Mainly exaggerations of normal developmental trends rather
than phenomena that are qualitatively abnormal in themselves.
Developmental appropriateness is used as the key diagnostic
feature in defining the difference between these emotional
disorders, with onset specific to childhood, and the neurotic
disorders (F40-F48).
Should be diagnosed when fear of separation constitutes the
focus of the anxiety and when such anxiety first arose during
the early years of childhood. It is differentiated from normal
separation anxiety when it is of a degree (severity) that is
statistically unusual (including an abnormal persistence
beyond the usual age period), and when it is associated with
significant problems in social functioning.
Fears in childhood that show a marked developmental phase
specificity and arise (to some extent) in a majority of
children, but that are abnormal in degree. Other fears that
arise in childhood but that are not a normal part of
psychosocial development (for example agoraphobia) should be
coded under the appropriate category in section F40-F48.
In this disorder there is a wariness of strangers and social
apprehension or anxiety when encountering new, strange, or
socially threatening situations. This category should be used
only where such fears arise during the early years, and are
both unusual in degree and accompanied by problems in social
functioning.
Some degree of emotional disturbance usually following the
birth of an immediately younger sibling is shown by a majority
of young children. A sibling rivalry disorder should be
diagnosed only if the degree or persistence of the disturbance
is both statistically unusual and associated with
abnormalities of social interaction.
F94Disorders
of social functioning with onset specific to childhood and
adolescence
Definition
A somewhat heterogeneous group of disorders that have in
common abnormalities in social functioning which begin during
the developmental period, but which (unlike the pervasive
developmental disorders) are not primarily characterized by an
apparently constitutional social incapacity or deficit that
pervades all areas of functioning. In many instances, serious
environmental distortions or privations probably play a
crucial role in etiology.
Characterized by a marked, emotionally determined selectivity
in speaking, such that the child demonstrates a language
competence in some situations but fails to speak in other
(definable) situations. The disorder is usually associated
with marked personality features involving social anxiety,
withdrawal, sensitivity, or resistance.
Starts in the first five years of life and is characterized by
persistent abnormalities in the child's pattern of social
relationships that are associated with emotional disturbance
and are reactive to changes in environmental circumstances
(e.g. fearfulness and hypervigilance, poor social interaction
with peers, aggression towards self and others, misery, and
growth failure in some cases). The syndrome probably occurs as
a direct result of severe parental neglect, abuse, or serious
mishandling.
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify any associated
failure to thrive or growth retardation.
normal variation in pattern of selective attachment
sexual or physical abuse in childhood, resulting in psychosocial
problems (Z61.4-Z61.6)
F94.2Disinhibited attachment disorder of childhood
Definition
A particular pattern of abnormal social functioning that
arises during the first five years of life and that tends to
persist despite marked changes in environmental circumstances,
e.g. diffuse, nonselectively focused attachment behaviour,
attention-seeking and indiscriminately friendly behaviour,
poorly modulated peer interactions; depending on circumstances
there may also be associated emotional or behavioural
disturbance.
Syndromes in which the predominant manifestation is some form
of tic. A tic is an involuntary, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic
motor movement (usually involving circumscribed muscle groups)
or vocal production that is of sudden onset and that serves no
apparent purpose. Tics tend to be experienced as irresistible
but usually they can be suppressed for varying periods of
time, are exacerbated by stress, and disappear during sleep.
Common simple motor tics include only eye-blinking,
neck-jerking, shoulder- shrugging, and facial grimacing.
Common simple vocal tics include throat-clearing, barking,
sniffing, and hissing. Common complex tics include hitting
oneself, jumping, and hopping. Common complex vocal tics
include the repetition of particular words, and sometimes the
use of socially unacceptable (often obscene) words
(coprolalia), and the repetition of one's own sounds or words
(palilalia).
Meets the general criteria for a tic disorder but the tics do
not persist longer than 12 months. The tics usually take the
form of eye-blinking, facial grimacing, or head-jerking.
Meets the general criteria for a tic disorder, in which there
are motor or vocal tics (but not both), that may be either
single or multiple (but usually multiple), and last for more
than a year.
F95.2Combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder [de
la Tourette]
Definition
A form of tic disorder in which there are, or have been,
multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics, although these
need not have occurred concurrently. The disorder usually
worsens during adolescence and tends to persist into adult
life. The vocal tics are often multiple with explosive
repetitive vocalizations, throat-clearing, and grunting, and
there may be the use of obscene words or phrases. Sometimes
there is associated gestural echopraxia which may also be of
an obscene nature (copropraxia).
F98Other
behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring
in childhood and adolescence
Definition
A heterogeneous group of disorders that share the
characteristic of an onset in childhood but otherwise differ
in many respects. Some of the conditions represent
well-defined syndromes but others are no more than symptom
complexes that need inclusion because of their frequency and
association with psychosocial problems, and because they
cannot be incorporated into other syndromes.
A disorder characterized by involuntary voiding of urine, by
day and by night, which is abnormal in relation to the
individual's mental age, and which is not a consequence of a
lack of bladder control due to any neurological disorder, to
epileptic attacks, or to any structural abnormality of the
urinary tract. The enuresis may have been present from birth
or it may have arisen following a period of acquired bladder
control. The enuresis may or may not be associated with a more
widespread emotional or behavioural disorder.
Incl.:
Enuresis (primary)(secondary) of nonorganic origin
Repeated, voluntary or involuntary passage of faeces, usually
of normal or near-normal consistency, in places not
appropriate for that purpose in the individual's own
sociocultural setting. The condition may represent an abnormal
continuation of normal infantile incontinence, it may involve
a loss of continence following the acquisition of bowel
control, or it may involve the deliberate deposition of faeces
in inappropriate places in spite of normal physiological bowel
control. The condition may occur as a monosymptomatic
disorder, or it may form part of a wider disorder, especially
an emotional disorder (F93.-) or a conduct disorder (F91.-).
Incl.:
Functional encopresis
Incontinence of faeces of nonorganic origin
Psychogenic encopresis
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify the cause of any
coexisting constipation.
A feeding disorder of varying manifestations usually specific
to infancy and early childhood. It generally involves food
refusal and extreme faddiness in the presence of an adequate
food supply, a reasonably competent caregiver, and the absence
of organic disease. There may or may not be associated
rumination (repeated regurgitation without nausea or
gastrointestinal illness).
Incl.:
Rumination disorder of infancy
Excl.:
anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders (F50.-)
Persistent eating of non-nutritive substances (such as soil,
paint chippings, etc.). It may occur as one of many symptoms
that are part of a more widespread psychiatric disorder (such
as autism), or as a relatively isolated psychopathological
behaviour; only the latter is classified here. The phenomenon
is most common in mentally retarded children and, if mental
retardation is also present, F70-F79 should be selected as the
main diagnosis.
Voluntary, repetitive, stereotyped, nonfunctional (and often
rhythmic) movements that do not form part of any recognized
psychiatric or neurological condition. When such movements
occur as symptoms of some other disorder, only the overall
disorder should be recorded. The movements that are of a non
self-injurious variety include: body-rocking, head-rocking,
hair-plucking, hair-twisting, finger-flicking mannerisms, and
hand-flapping. Stereotyped self-injurious behaviour includes
repetitive head-banging, face-slapping, eye-poking, and biting
of hands, lips or other body parts. All the stereotyped
movement disorders occur most frequently in association with
mental retardation (when this is the case, both should be
recorded). If eye-poking occurs in a child with visual
impairment, both should be coded: eye-poking under this
category and the visual condition under the appropriate
somatic disorder code.
Speech that is characterized by frequent repetition or
prolongation of sounds or syllables or words, or by frequent
hesitations or pauses that disrupt the rhythmic flow of
speech. It should be classified as a disorder only if its
severity is such as to markedly disturb the fluency of speech.
A rapid rate of speech with breakdown in fluency, but no
repetitions or hesitations, of a severity to give rise to
diminished speech intelligibility. Speech is erratic and
dysrhythmic, with rapid jerky spurts that usually involve
faulty phrasing patterns.
nonpyogenic intraspinal phlebitis and thrombophlebitis (G95.1)
G09Sequelae
of inflammatory diseases of central nervous system
Note:
Category G09 is to be used to indicate conditions whose
primary classification is to G00-G08 (i.e. excluding those
marked with an asterisk (*)) as the cause of sequelae,
themselves classifiable elsewhere. The "sequelae" include
conditions specified as such or as late effects, or those
present one year or more after onset of the causal condition.
For use of this category reference should be made to the
relevant morbidity and mortality coding rules and guidelines
in Volume 2.
Not to be used for chronic inflammatory diseases of the
central nervous system. Code these to current inflammatory
diseases of the central nervous system.
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter VI Diseases of the nervous system (G00-G99)
For primary coding, this category is to be used only when
hemiplegia (complete) (incomplete) is reported without further
specification, or is stated to be old or longstanding but of
unspecified cause. The category is also for use in multiple
coding to identify these types of hemiplegia resulting from
any cause.
For primary coding, this category is to be used only when the
listed conditions are reported without further specification,
or are stated to be old or longstanding but of unspecified
cause. The category is also for use in multiple coding to
identify these conditions resulting from any cause.
For primary coding, this category is to be used only when the
listed conditions are reported without further specification,
or are stated to be old or longstanding but of unspecified
cause. The category is also for use in multiple coding to
identify these conditions resulting from any cause.
Incl.:
paralysis (complete)(incomplete), except as in G80-G82
The table below gives a classification of severity of visual
impairment recommended by the Resolution of the International
Council of Ophthalmology (2002) and the Recommendations of the
WHO Consultation on “Development of Standards for
Characterization of Vision Loss and Visual Functioning"
(September 2003)
For characterizing visual impairment for codes H54.0 to H54.3,
visual acuity should be measured with both eyes open with
presenting correction if any. For characterizing visual
impairment for codes H54.4 to H54.6, visual acuity should be
measured monocularly with presenting correction if any.
If the extent of the visual field is taken into account,
patients with a visual field of the better eye no greater than
10° in radius around central fixation should be placed under
category 3. For monocular blindness (H54.4), this degree of
field loss would apply to the affected eye.
Category
Presenting distance visual acuity
Worse than:
Equal to or better than:
0 Mild or no visual impairment
6/18
3/10 (0.3)
20/70
1 Moderate visual impairment
6/18
3/10 (0.3)
20/70
6/60
1/10 (0.1)
20/200
2 Severe visual impairment
6/60
1/10 (0.1)
20/200
3/60
1/20 (0.05)
20/400
3 Blindness
3/60
1/20 (0.05)
20/400
1/60*
1/50 (0.02)
5/300 (20/1200)
4 Blindness
1/60*
1/50 (0.02)
5/300 (20/1200)
Light perception
5 Blindness
No light perception
9
Undetermined or unspecified
* or counts fingers (CF) at 1 metre.
Note: The term visual impairment in category H54 comprises
category 0 for mild or no visual impairment, category 1 for
moderate visual impairment, category 2 for severe visual
impairment, categories 3, 4 and 5 for blindness and category 9
for unqualified visual impairment. The term "low vision"
included in the previous revision has been replaced by
categories 1 and 2 to avoid confusion with those requiring low
vision care.
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter VII Diseases of the eye and adnexa (H00-H59)
H95.8Other postprocedural disorders of ear and mastoid
process
H95.9Postprocedural disorder of ear and mastoid process,
unspecified
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter I Certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
Incl.:
diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible
Coding-Hint
Use additional code (U82-U84), if desired, to identify
resistance to antimicrobial drugs
Excl.:
carrier or suspected carrier of infectious disease (Z22.-)
certain localized infections - see body system-related chapters
infectious and parasitic diseases complicating pregnancy,
childbirth and the puerperium [except obstetrical tetanus] (O98.-)
infectious and parasitic diseases specific to the perinatal
period [except tetanus neonatorum, congenital syphilis,
perinatal gonococcal infection and perinatal human
immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease] (P35-P39)
influenza and other acute respiratory infections (J00-J22)
chronic diseases of rheumatic origin (I05-I09) unless rheumatic
fever is also present or there is evidence of recrudescence or
activity of the rheumatic process. In cases where there is doubt
as to rheumatic activity at the time of death refer to the
mortality coding rules and guidelines in Volume 2.
For morbidity, duration as used in categories I21, I22, I24
and I25 refer to the interval elapsing between onset of the
ischaemic episode and admission to care. For mortality,
duration refers to the interval elapsing between onset and
death.
For morbidity coding, this category should be assigned for
infarction of any myocardial site, occurring within 4 weeks (28
days) from onset of a previous infarction
Incl.:
myocardial infarction:
extension
recurrent
reinfarction
Excl.:
specified as chronic or with a stated duration of more than 4
weeks (more than 28 days) from onset (I25.8)
I22.0Subsequent myocardial infarction of anterior wall
Incl.:
Subsequent infarction (acute)(of):
anterior (wall) NOS
anteroapical
anterolateral
anteroseptal
I22.1Subsequent myocardial infarction of inferior wall
Incl.:
Subsequent infarction (acute)(of):
diaphragmatic wall
inferior (wall) NOS
inferolateral
inferoposterior
I22.8Subsequent myocardial infarction of other sites
Incl.:
Subsequent myocardial infarction (acute)(of):
apical-lateral
basal-lateral
high lateral
lateral (wall) NOS
posterior (true)
posterobasal
posterolateral
posteroseptal
septal NOS
I22.9Subsequent myocardial infarction of unspecified site
I23Certain
current complications following acute myocardial infarction
Excl.:
the listed conditions, when:
concurrent with acute myocardial infarction (I21-I22)
not specified as current complications following acute
myocardial infarction (I31.-,
I51.-)
I23.0Haemopericardium as current complication following
acute myocardial infarction
I23.1Atrial septal defect as current complication
following acute myocardial infarction
I23.2Ventricular septal defect as current complication
following acute myocardial infarction
I23.3Rupture of cardiac wall without haemopericardium as
current complication following acute myocardial infarction
Category I69 is to be used to indicate conditions in I60-I67.1
and I67.4-I67.9 as the cause of sequelae, themselves
classified elsewhere. The "sequelae" include conditions
specified as such or as late effects, or those present one
year or more after onset of the causal condition.
Not to be used for chronic cerebrovascular disease. Code these
to I60-I67.
The
following supplementary classification to indicate the presence
or absence of gangrene is provided for optional use with
appropriate subcategories in I70.
D37-D48Neoplasms of
uncertain or unknown behaviour
Introduction
Notes
1. Primary, ill-defined, secondary and unspecified sites of
malignant neoplasm
Categories C76−C80 include malignant neoplasms for which there
is no clear indication of the original site of the cancer or
the cancer is stated to be 'disseminated', 'scattered' or
'spread' without mention of the primary site. In both cases
the primary site is considered to be unknown.
2. Functional activity
All neoplasms are classified in this chapter, whether they are
functionally active or not. An additional code from Chapter IV
may be used, if desired, to identify functional activity
associated with any neoplasm. For example,
catecholamine-producing malignant phaeochromocytoma of adrenal
gland should be coded to C74 with additional code E27.5;
basophil adenoma of pituitary gland with Cushing syndrome
should be coded to D35.2 with additional code E24.0.
3. Morphology
There are a number of major morphological (histological)
groups of malignant neoplasms: carcinomas including squamous
(cell) and adenocarcinomas; sarcomas; other soft tissue
tumours including mesotheliomas; lymphomas (Hodgkin and
non-Hodgkin); leukaemia; other specified and site-specific
types; and unspecified cancers. Cancer is a generic term and
may be used for any of the above groups, although it is rarely
applied to the malignant neoplasms of lymphatic,
haematopoietic and related tissue. 'Carcinoma' is sometimes
used incorrectly as a synonym for 'cancer'.
In Chapter II neoplasms are classified predominantly by site
within broad groupings for behaviour. In a few exceptional
cases morphology is indicated in the category and subcategory
titles.
For those wishing to identify the histological type of
neoplasm, comprehensive separate morphology codes are provided
(see section Morphology of neoplasms). These morphology codes
are derived from the second edition of International
Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICDO), which is a
dual-axis classification providing independent coding systems
for topography and morphology. Morphology codes have six
digits: the first four digits identify the histological type;
the fifth digit is the behaviour code (malignant primary,
malignant secondary (metastatic), in situ, benign, uncertain
whether malignant or benign); and the sixth digit is a grading
code (differentiation) for solid tumours, and is also used as
a special code for lymphomas and leukaemias.
4. Use of subcategories in Chapter II
Attention is drawn to the special use of subcategory .8 in
this chapter [see note 5]. Where it has been necessary to
provide subcategories for 'other', these have generally been
designated as subcategory .7.
5. Malignant neoplasms overlapping site boundaries and the
use of subcategory .8 (overlapping lesion)
Categories C00−C75 classify primary malignant neoplasms
according to their point of origin. Many three-character
categories are further divided into named parts or
subcategories of the organ in question. A neoplasm that
overlaps two or more contiguous sites within a three-character
category and whose point of origin cannot be determined should
be classified to the subcategory .8 ("overlapping lesion"),
unless the combination is specifically indexed elsewhere. For
example, carcinoma of oesophagus and stomach is specifically
indexed to C16.0 (cardia), while carcinoma of the tip and
ventral surface of the tongue should be assigned to C02.8. On
the other hand, carcinoma of the tip of the tongue extending
to involve the ventral surface should be coded to C02.1 as the
point of origin, the tip, is known. 'Overlapping' implies that
the sites involved are contiguous (next to each other).
Numerically consecutive subcategories are frequently
anatomically contiguous, but this is not invariably so (e.g.
bladder C67.−) and the coder may need to consult anatomical
texts to determine the topographical relationships.
Sometimes a neoplasm overlaps the boundaries of
three-character categories within certain systems. To take
care of this the following subcategories have been designated:
C02.8 Overlapping lesion of tongue
C08.8 Overlapping lesion of major salivary glands
C14.8 Overlapping lesion of lip, oral cavity and pharynx
C21.8 Overlapping lesion of rectum, anus and anal canal
C24.8 Overlapping lesion of biliary tract
C26.8 Overlapping lesion of digestive system
C39.8 Overlapping lesion of respiratory and intrathoracic
organs
C41.8 Overlapping lesion of bone and articular cartilage
C49.8 Overlapping lesion of connective and soft tissue
C57.8 Overlapping lesion of female genital organs
C63.8 Overlapping lesion of male genital organs
C68.8 Overlapping lesion of urinary organs
C72.8 Overlapping lesion of central nervous system
An example of this is a carcinoma of the stomach and small
intestine, which should be coded to C26.8 (Overlapping lesion
of digestive system).
6. Malignant neoplasms of ectopic tissue
Malignant neoplasms of ectopic tissue are to be coded to the
site where they are found, e.g. ectopic pancreatic malignant
neoplasms of ovary are coded to ovary (C56).
7. Use of the Alphabetical Index in coding neoplasms
In addition to site, morphology and behaviour must also be
taken into consideration when coding neoplasms, and reference
should always be made first to the Alphabetical Index entry
for the morphological description.
The introductory pages of Volume 3 include general
instructions about the correct use of the Alphabetical Index.
The specific instructions and examples pertaining to neoplasms
should be consulted to ensure correct use of the categories
and subcategories in Chapter II.
8. Use of the second edition of International Classification
of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O)
For certain morphological types, Chapter II provides a rather
restricted topographical classification, or none at all. The
topography codes of ICD-O use for all neoplasms essentially
the same three- and four-character categories that Chapter II
uses for malignant neoplasms (C00−C77, C80), thus providing
increased specificity of site for other neoplasms (malignant
secondary (metastatic), benign, in situ and uncertain or
unknown).
It is therefore recommended that agencies interested in
identifying both the site and morphology of tumours, e.g.
cancer registries, cancer hospitals, pathology departments and
other agencies specializing in cancer, use ICD-O.
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter III Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and
certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D50-D89)
D65-D69Coagulation
defects, purpura and other haemorrhagic conditions
D70-D77Other diseases
of blood and blood-forming organs
D80-D89Certain
disorders involving the immune mechanism
Asterisk categories for this chapter are provided as follows:
D63*Anaemia in chronic
diseases classified elsewhere
D77*Other disorders of
blood and blood-forming organs in diseases classified
elsewhere
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter IV Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90)
Note:
All neoplasms, whether functionally active or not, are
classified in Chapter II. Appropriate codes in this chapter
(i.e. E05.8, E07.0, E16-E31, E34.-) may be used, if desired,
as additional codes to indicate either functional activity by
neoplasms and ectopic endocrine tissue or hyperfunction and
hypofunction of endocrine glands associated with neoplasms and
other conditions classified elsewhere.
Excl.:
complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O99)
symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings,
not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)
transitory endocrine and metabolic disorders specific to fetus
and newborn (P70-P74)
The ulcer appears as a defined area of persistent redness
(erythema) in lightly pigmented skin, whereas in darker skin
tones, the ulcer may appear with persistent red, blue or purple
hues, without skin loss
Incl.:
Decubitus [pressure] ulcer limited to erythema only
This block comprises arthropathies due to microbiological
agents.
Distinction is made between the following types of etiological
relationship:
direct infection of joint, where organisms invade synovial
tissue and microbial antigen is present in the joint;
indirect infection, which may be of two types: a reactive arthropathy, where
microbial infection of the body is established but neither
organisms nor antigens can be identified in the joint, and
a postinfective arthropathy,
where microbial antigen is present but recovery of an
organism is inconstant and evidence of local
multiplication is lacking.
This block comprises arthropathies due to microbiological
agents.
Distinction is made between the following types of etiological
relationship:
direct infection of joint, where organisms invade synovial
tissue and microbial antigen is present in the joint;
indirect infection, which may be of two types: a reactive arthropathy, where
microbial infection of the body is established but neither
organisms nor antigens can be identified in the joint, and
a postinfective arthropathy,
where microbial antigen is present but recovery of an
organism is inconstant and evidence of local
multiplication is lacking.
In this block the term osteoarthritis is used as a synonym for
arthrosis or osteoarthrosis. The term primary has been used
with its customary clinical meaning of no underlying or
determining condition identified.
The following supplementary subclassification to indicate the
site of involvement is provided for optional use with
appropriate subcategories in M23.-; see also note at the
beginning of this chapter.
Code
Title
0
Multiple sites
1
Anterior cruciate ligament or Anterior horn of medial
meniscus
2
Posterior cruciate ligament or Posterior horn of medial
meniscus
3
Medial collateral ligament or Other and unspecified
medial meniscus
4
Lateral collateral ligament or Anterior horn of lateral
meniscus
The following supplementary subclassification to indicate the
site of involvement is provided for optional use with
appropriate categories in the block on dorsopathies, except
categories M50 and M51; see also note at the beginning of this
chapter.
The following supplementary subclassification to indicate the
site of involvement is provided for optional use with
appropriate categories in the block on dorsopathies, except
categories M50 and M51; see also note at the beginning of this
chapter.
The following supplementary subclassification to indicate the
site of involvement is provided for optional use with
appropriate categories in the block on dorsopathies, except
categories M50 and M51; see also note at the beginning of this
chapter.
The following supplementary subclassification to indicate the
site of involvement is provided for optional use with
appropriate categories in the block on dorsopathies, except
categories M50 and M51; see also note at the beginning of this
chapter.
The superficially specific terms bursitis, capsulitis and
tendinitis tend to be used indiscriminately for various
disorders of peripheral ligamentous or muscular attachments;
most of these conditions have been brought together as
enthesopathies which is the generic term for lesions at these
sites.
M99Biomechanical
lesions, not elsewhere classified
Modifier-Hint
Note:
This category should not be used if the condition can be
classified elsewhere.
Modifiers
The following supplementary subclassification to indicate the
site of lesions is provided for optional use with appropriate
subcategories in M99.-; see also note at the beginning of this
chapter.
The following fourth-character subdivisions classify
morphological changes and are for use with categories N00-N07.
Subdivisions .0-.8 should not normally be used unless these
have been specifically identified (e.g. by renal biopsy or
autopsy). The three-character categories relate to clinical
syndromes.
O07.0Failed medical abortion, complicated by genital
tract and pelvic infection
Incl.:
With conditions in O08.0
O07.1Failed medical abortion, complicated by delayed or
excessive haemorrhage
Incl.:
With conditions in O08.1
O07.2Failed medical abortion, complicated by embolism
Incl.:
With conditions in O08.2
O07.3Failed medical abortion, with other and unspecified
complications
Incl.:
With conditions in O08.3-O08.9
O07.4Failed medical abortion, without complication
Incl.:
Failed medical abortion NOS
O07.5Other and unspecified failed attempted abortion,
complicated by genital tract and pelvic infection
Incl.:
With conditions in O08.0
O07.6Other and unspecified failed attempted abortion,
complicated by delayed or excessive haemorrhage
Incl.:
With conditions in O08.1
O07.7Other and unspecified failed attempted abortion,
complicated by embolism
Incl.:
With conditions in O08.2
O07.8Other and unspecified failed attempted abortion,
with other and unspecified complications
Incl.:
With conditions in O08.3-O08.9
O07.9Other and unspecified failed attempted abortion,
without complication
Incl.:
Failed attempted abortion NOS
O08Complications
following abortion and ectopic and molar pregnancy
Note:
This code is provided primarily for morbidity coding. For use
of this category reference should be made to the morbidity
coding rules and guidelines in Volume 2.
O08.0Genital tract and pelvic infection following
abortion and ectopic and molar pregnancy
Incl.:
Endometritis
Oophoritis
Parametritis
Pelvic peritonitis
Salpingitis
Salpingo-oophoritis
Sepsis
following conditions classifiable to O00-O07
Coding-Hint
Use additional code (R57.2)
, if desired, to identify septic shock.
O31.1Continuing pregnancy after abortion of one fetus or
more
O31.2Continuing pregnancy after intrauterine death of one
fetus or more
O31.8Other complications specific to multiple gestation
O32Maternal
care for known or suspected malpresentation of fetus
Incl.:
the listed conditions as a reason for observation,
hospitalization or other obstetric care of the mother, or for
caesarean section before onset of labour
Excl.:
the listed conditions with obstructed labour (O64.-)
O32.8Maternal care for other malpresentation of fetus
O32.9Maternal care for malpresentation of fetus,
unspecified
O33Maternal
care for known or suspected disproportion
Incl.:
the listed conditions as a reason for observation,
hospitalization or other obstetric care of the mother, or for
caesarean section before onset of labour
Excl.:
the listed conditions with obstructed labour (O65-O66)
O33.0Maternal care for disproportion due to deformity of
maternal pelvic bones
Incl.:
Pelvic deformity causing disproportion NOS
O33.1Maternal care for disproportion due to generally
contracted pelvis
Incl.:
Contracted pelvis NOS causing disproportion
O33.2Maternal care for disproportion due to inlet
contraction of pelvis
Incl.:
Inlet contraction (pelvis) causing disproportion
O33.3Maternal care for disproportion due to outlet
contraction of pelvis
Incl.:
Mid-cavity contraction (pelvis)
Outlet contraction (pelvis)
causing disproportion
O33.4Maternal care for disproportion of mixed maternal
and fetal origin
O33.5Maternal care for disproportion due to unusually
large fetus
Incl.:
Disproportion of fetal origin with normally formed fetus
Fetal disproportion NOS
O33.6Maternal care for disproportion due to hydrocephalic
fetus
O33.7Maternal care for disproportion due to other fetal
deformities
Incl.:
Conjoined twins
Fetal:
ascites
hydrops
meningomyelocele
sacral teratoma
tumour
causing disproportion
O33.8Maternal care for disproportion of other origin
O34Maternal
care for known or suspected abnormality of pelvic organs
Incl.:
the listed conditions as a reason for observation,
hospitalization or other obstetric care of the mother, or for
caesarean section before onset of labour
Excl.:
the listed conditions with obstructed labour (O65.5)
O34.0Maternal care for congenital malformation of uterus
For use of categories O95-O97 reference should be made to the
mortality coding rules and guidelines in Volume 2.
O94Sequelae
of complication of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
Note:
This category is to be used for morbidity coding only to
indicate conditions in categories O00-O75 and O85-O92 as the
cause of sequelae, which are themselves classified elsewhere.
The 'sequelae' include conditions specified as such or as late
effects, or those present one year or more after the onset of
the causal condition.
Not to be used for chronic complications of pregnancy,
childbirth and the puerperium. Code these to O00-O75 and
O85-O92 .
Maternal death from unspecified cause occurring during
pregnancy, labour and delivery, or the puerperium
O96Death
from any obstetric cause occurring more than 42 days but less than
one year after delivery
Note:
This category is to be used to indicate death from any obstetric
cause (conditions in categories O00-O75,
O85-O92 , and O98-O99
occurring more than 42 days but less than one year after
delivery.
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify obstetric cause
(direct or indirect) of death.
Excl.:
death from conditions specified as sequelae or late effects of
obstetric causes (O97.-)
conditions specified as sequelae or late effects of obstetric
causes that are not resulting in death (O94)
O96.0Death from direct obstetric cause occurring more
than 42 days but less than one year after delivery
O96.1Death from indirect obstetric cause occurring more
than 42 days but less than one year after delivery
O96.9Death from unspecified obstetric cause occurring
more than 42 days but less than one year after delivery
This category is to be used to indicate death from any obstetric
cause (conditions in categories O00-O75,
O85-O92 , and O98-O99
occurring more than 42 days but less than one year after
delivery. The ‘sequelae’ include conditions specified as such or
as late effects, or those present one year or more after
delivery.
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify the obstetric cause
(direct or indirect)
Excl.:
conditions specified as sequelae or late effects of obstetric
causes that are not resulting in death (O94)
O97.0Death from sequelae of direct obstetric cause
O97.1Death from sequelae of indirect obstetric cause
O97.9Death from sequelae of obstetric cause, unspecified
O98Maternal
infectious and parasitic diseases classifiable elsewhere but
complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
Incl.:
the listed conditions when complicating the pregnant state, when
aggravated by the pregnancy, or as a reason for obstetric care
Coding-Hint
Use additional code (Chapter I), if desired, to identify
specific condition.
Excl.:
asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection status
(Z21)
laboratory evidence of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] (R75)
O98.8Other maternal infectious and parasitic diseases
complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
O98.9Unspecified maternal infectious or parasitic disease
complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
O99Other
maternal diseases classifiable elsewhere but complicating
pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
Note:
This category includes conditions which complicate the
pregnant state, are aggravated by the pregnancy or are a main
reason for obstetric care and for which the Alphabetical Index
does not indicate a specific rubric in Chapter XV.
Coding-Hint
Use additional code, if desired, to identify specific condition.
injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external
causes (S00-T98)
when the reason for maternal care is that the condition is known
or suspected to have affected the fetus (O35-O36)
O99.0Anaemia complicating pregnancy, childbirth and the
puerperium
Incl.:
Conditions in D50-D64
O99.1Other diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism complicating
pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
transitory endocrine and metabolic disturbances caused by the
infant's response to maternal endocrine and metabolic factors,
or its adjustment to extrauterine existence
P70Transitory
disorders of carbohydrate metabolism specific to fetus and newborn
P70.0Syndrome of infant of mother with gestational
diabetes
Incl.:
Fetus or newborn (with hypoglycaemia) affected by maternal
gestational diabetes
Atresia, or marked hypoplasia of aortic orifice or valve, with
hypoplasia of ascending aorta and defective development of
left ventricle (with mitral valve stenosis or atresia).
Q23.8Other congenital malformations of aortic and mitral
valves
Q23.9Congenital malformation of aortic and mitral valves,
unspecified
Location of heart in left hemithorax with apex pointing to the
left, but with situs inversus of other viscera and defects of
the heart, or corrected transposition of great vessels.
R03Abnormal
blood-pressure reading, without diagnosis
R03.0Elevated blood-pressure reading, without diagnosis
of hypertension
Note:
This category is to be used to record an episode of elevated
blood pressure in a patient in whom no formal diagnosis of
hypertension has been made, or as an isolated incidental
finding.
This category should never be used in primary coding. The
category is for use in multiple coding to identify this
condition resulting from any cause. A code from another chapter
should be assigned first to indicate the cause or underlying
disease.
R65.0Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome of
infectious origin without organ failure
R65.1Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome of
infectious origin with organ failure
Incl.:
Severe sepsis
R65.2Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome of
non-infectious origin without organ failure
R65.3Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome of
non-infectious origin with organ failure
For primary coding of fracture of skull and facial bones with
associated intracranial injury, reference should be made to
the morbidity or mortality coding rules and guidelines in
Volume 2.
Modifiers
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
For primary coding of intracranial injuries with associated
fractures, reference should be made to the morbidity or
mortality coding rules and guidelines in Volume 2.
Modifiers
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify intracranial
injury and open wound:
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding:
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding:
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding:
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding:
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
fracture of distal parts of ulna and radius (S52.-)
Modifiers
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
Code
Title
0
closed
1
open
S62.0Fracture of navicular [scaphoid] bone of hand
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
The followig subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
multiple fractures of spine, level unspecified (T02.1)
Modifiers
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
Code
Title
0
closed
1
open
T09Other
injuries of spine and trunk, level unspecified
multiple fractures of upper limb, level unspecified (T02.-)
Modifiers
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
Code
Title
0
closed
1
open
T11Other
injuries of upper limb, level unspecified
multiple fractures of leg, level unspecified (T02.-)
Modifiers
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
Code
Title
0
closed
1
open
T13Other
injuries of lower limb, level unspecified
The following subdivisions are provided for optional use in a
supplementary character position where it is not possible or
not desired to use multiple coding to identify fracture and
open wound; a fracture not indicated as closed or open should
be classified as closed.
Code
Title
0
closed
1
open
T14.3Dislocation, sprain and strain of unspecified body
region
Incl.:
Avulsion
Laceration
Sprain
Strain
Traumatic:
haemarthrosis
rupture
subluxation
tear
of
joint (capsule)
ligament
NOS
Excl.:
multiple dislocations, sprains and strains NOS (T03.9)
T14.4Injury of nerve(s) of unspecified body region
burn and corrosion with statement of the extent of body surface
involved (T31-T32)
T30.0Burn of unspecified body region, unspecified degree
Incl.:
Burn NOS
T30.1Burn of first degree, body region unspecified
Incl.:
First-degree burn NOS
T30.2Burn of second degree, body region unspecified
Incl.:
Second-degree burn NOS
T30.3Burn of third degree, body region unspecified
Incl.:
Third-degree burn NOS
T30.4Corrosion of unspecified body region, unspecified
degree
Incl.:
Corrosion NOS
T30.5Corrosion of first degree, body region unspecified
Incl.:
First-degree corrosion NOS
T30.6Corrosion of second degree, body region unspecified
Incl.:
Second-degree corrosion NOS
T30.7Corrosion of third degree, body region unspecified
Incl.:
Third-degree corrosion NOS
T31Burns
classified according to extent of body surface involved
Note:
This category is to be used as the primary code only when the
site of the burn is unspecified. It may be used as a
supplementary code, if desired, with categories T20-T25 or T29
when the site is specified.
T31.0Burns involving less than 10% of body surface
T32Corrosions
classified according to extent of body surface involved
Note:
This category is to be used as the primary code only when the
site of the corrosion is unspecified. It may be used as a
supplementary code, if desired, with categories T20-T25 or T29
when the site is specified.
T32.0Corrosions involving less than 10% of body surface
abuse of non-dependence-producing substances (F55)
adverse effects ["hypersensitivity", "reaction", etc.] of
correct substance properly administered; such cases are to be
classified according to the nature of the adverse effect, such
as:
This category is to be used as the primary code to identify
the effects, not elsewhere classifiable, of unknown,
undetermined or ill-defined causes. For multiple coding
purposes this category may be used as an additional code to
identify the effects of conditions classified elsewhere.
Excl.:
complications of surgical and medical care NEC (T80-T88)
T78.0Anaphylactic shock due to adverse food reaction
T78.1Other adverse food reactions, not elsewhere
classified
Categories T90-T98 are to be used to indicate conditions in
S00-S99 and T00-T88 as the cause of late effects, which are
themselves classified elsewhere. The "sequelae" include those
specified as such, or as late effects, and those present one
year or more after the acute injury.
Coding-Hint
Not to be used for chronic poisoning and harmful exposure. Code
these to current poisoning and harmful exposure.
Codes U00-U49 are to be used by WHO for the provisional
assignment of new diseases of uncertain etiology. In emergency
situations codes are not always accessible in electronic
systems. The specification of category U06 in the way it is
done here will make sure this category and the subcategories
are available in every electronic system at any time and that
they can be used upon instruction by WHO, immediately.
Codes U00-U49 are to be used by WHO for the provisional
assignment of new diseases of uncertain etiology. In emergency
situations codes are not always accessible in electronic
systems. The specification of category U07 in the way it is
done here will make sure this category and the subcategories
are available in every electronic system at any time and that
they can be used upon instruction by WHO, immediately.
These categories should never be used in primary coding. The
codes are provided for use as supplementary or additional
codes when it is desired to identify the resistance,
non-responsiveness and refractive properties of a condition to
antimicrobials and antineoplastic drugs.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
This section is structured in 12 groups. Those relating to
land transport accidents (V01-V89) reflect the victim's mode
of transport and are subdivided to identify the victim's
"counterpart" or the type of event. The vehicle of which the
injured person is an occupant is identified in the first two
characters since it is seen as the most important factor to
identify for prevention purposes.
Excl.:
accidents to persons engaged in the maintenance or repair of
transport equipment or vehicle (not in motion) unless injured by
another vehicle in motion (W00-X59)
accidents involving vehicles, but unrelated to the hazards
associated with the means of transportation, e.g., injuries
received in a fight on board ship; transport vehicle involved in
a cataclysm; finger crushed when shutting car door (W00-X59)
(a) A transport accident (V01–V99) is any accident involving
a device designed primarily for, or being used at the time
primarily for, conveying persons or goods from one place to
another.
(b) A public highway [trafficway] or street is the entire
width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes
of moving persons or property from one place to another. A
roadway is that part of the public highway designed, improved
and customarily used for vehicular traffic.
(c) A traffic accident is any vehicle accident occurring on
the public highway [i.e. originating on, terminating on, or
involving a vehicle partially on the highway]. A vehicle
accident is assumed to have occurred on the public highway
unless another place is specified, except in the case of
accidents involving only off-road motor vehicles, which are
classified as nontraffic accidents unless the contrary is
stated.
(d) A nontraffic accident is any vehicle accident that occurs
entirely in any place other than a public highway.
(e) A pedestrian is any person involved in an accident who
was not at the time of the accident riding in or on a motor
vehicle, railway train, streetcar or animal-drawn or other
vehicle, or on a pedal cycle or animal.
Incl.: person:
making adjustment to motor of vehicle
changing tyre of vehicle
on foot
user of a pedestrian conveyance such as:
baby carriage
ice-skates
perambulator
push-cart
push-chair
roller-skates
scooter
skateboard
skis
sled
wheelchair (powered)
(f) A driver is an occupant of a transport vehicle who is
operating or intending to operate it.
(g) A passenger is any occupant of a transport vehicle other
than the driver.
Excl.: person travelling on
outside of vehicle – see definition (h)
(h) A person on outside of vehicle is any person being
transported by a vehicle but not occupying the space normally
reserved for the driver or passengers, or the space intended
for the transport of property.
Incl.: person (travelling on):
bodywork
bumper [fender]
hanging on outside
roof (rack)
running-board
step
(i) A pedal cycle is any land transport vehicle operated
solely by pedals.
Incl.: bicycle
tricycle
Excl.: motorized bicycle – see
definition (k)
(j) A pedal cyclist is any person riding on a pedal cycle or
in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(k) A motorcycle is a two-wheeled motor vehicle with one or
two riding saddles and sometimes with a third wheel for the
support of a sidecar. The sidecar is considered part of the
motorcycle.
Incl.: moped
motor scooter
motorcycle:
NOS
combination
with sidecar
motorized bicycle
speed-limited motor-driven cycle
Excl.: motor-driven tricycle – see
definition (m)
(l) A motorcycle rider is any person riding on a motorcycle
or in a sidecar or trailer attached to such a vehicle.
(m) A three-wheeled motor vehicle is a motorized tricycle
designed primarily for on- road use.
Incl.: motor-driven tricycle
motorized rickshaw
three-wheeled motor car
Excl.: motorcycle with sidecar –
see definition (k)
special all-terrain vehicle – see definition (x)
(n) A car [automobile] is a four-wheeled motor vehicle
designed primarily for carrying up to 10 persons. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a car is considered a part of the car.
Incl.: minibus
(o) A motor vehicle or vehicle may refer to various transport
vehicles. The local usage of the terms should be established
to determine the appropriate code. If the terms are used
ambiguously, use the code for “unspecified”. A trailer or
caravan being towed by a vehicle is considered a part of the
vehicle.
(p) A pick-up truck or van is a four- or six-wheeled motor
vehicle designed primarily for carrying property, weighing
less than the local limit for classification as a heavy goods
vehicle, and not requiring a special driver’s licence.
(q) A heavy transport vehicle is a motor vehicle designed
primarily for carrying property, meeting local criteria for
classification as a heavy goods vehicle in terms of kerbside
weight (usually above 3500 kg), and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
(r) A bus is a motor vehicle designed or adapted primarily
for carrying more than 10 persons, and requiring a special
driver’s licence.
Incl.: coach
(s) A railway train or railway vehicle is any device, with or
without cars coupled to it, designed for traffic on a railway.
Incl.: interurban:
electric car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way,
not open to other traffic)
street car (operated chiefly on its own right-of-way, not
open to other traffic)
railway train, any power [diesel] [electric] [steam]:
funicular
monorail or two-rail
subterranean or elevated
other vehicle designed to run on a railway track
Excl.: interurban electric cars
[streetcars] specified to be operating on a right-of- way that
forms part of the public street or highway – see definition
(t)
(t) A streetcar is a device designed and used primarily for
transporting persons within a municipality, running on rails,
usually subject to normal traffic control signals, and
operated principally on a right-of-way that forms part of the
roadway. A trailer being towed by a streetcar is considered a
part of the streetcar.
Incl.: interurban electric car or
streetcar, when specified to be operating on a street or
public highway
tram (car)
trolley (car)
(u) A special vehicle mainly used on industrial premises is a
motor vehicle designed primarily for use within the buildings
and premises of industrial or commercial establishments.
Incl.: battery-powered:
airport passenger vehicle
truck (baggage)(mail)
coal-car in mine
forklift (truck)
logging car
self-propelled truck, industrial
station baggage truck (powered)
tram, truck or tub (powered) in mine or quarry
(v) A special vehicle mainly used in agriculture is a motor
vehicle designed specifically for use in farming and
agriculture (horticulture), for example to work the land, tend
and harvest crops and transport materials on the farm.
Incl.: combine harvester
self-propelled farm machinery
tractor (and trailer)
(w) A special construction vehicle is a motor vehicle
designed specifically for use in the construction (and
demolition) of roads, buildings and other structures.
Incl.: bulldozer
digger
dumper truck
earth-leveller
mechanical shovel
road-roller
(x) A special all-terrain vehicle is a motor vehicle of
special design to enable it to negotiate rough or soft terrain
or snow. Examples of special design are high construction,
special wheels and tyres, tracks, and support on a cushion of
air.
Incl.: hovercraft on land or swamp
snowmobile
Excl.: hovercraft on open water –
see definition (y)
(y) A watercraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods on water.
Incl.: hovercraft NOS
(z) An aircraft is any device for transporting passengers or
goods in the air.
Classification and coding instructions for transport accidents
1. If an event is unspecified as to whether it was a traffic
or a nontraffic accident, it is assumed to be:
A traffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V10–V82 and V87.
A nontraffic accident when the event is classifiable to
categories V83–V86. For these categories the victim is
either a pedestrian, or an occupant of a vehicle designed
primarily for off-road use.
2. When accidents involving more than one kind of transport
are reported, the following order of precedence should be
used:
aircraft and spacecraft (V95–V97)
watercraft (V90–V94)
other modes of transport (V01–V89, V98–V99)
3. Where transport accident descriptions do not specify the
victim as being a vehicle occupant and the victim is described
as:
crushed
dragged
hit
injured
killed
knocked down
run over
by any vehicle including
animal being ridden
animal-drawn vehicle
bicycle
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
classify the victim as a pedestrian (categories V01–V09).
4. Where transport accident descriptions do not indicate the
victim’s role, such as:
airplane
bicycle
boat
bulldozer
bus
car
motorcycle
motorized tricycle
pick-up (truck)
recreational vehicle
spacecraft
streetcar
tractor
train
tram
truck
van
watercraft
accident
collision
crash
wreck
NOS
classify the victim as an occupant or rider of the vehicle
mentioned.
If more than one vehicle is mentioned, do not make any
assumption as to which vehicle was occupied by the victim
unless the vehicles are the same. Instead, code to the
appropriate categories V87–V88, V90–V94, V95–V97, taking into
account the order of precedence given in note 2 above.
5. Where a transport accident, such as:
vehicle (motor)(nonmotor):
failing to make curve
going out of control (due to):
burst tyre [blowout]
driver falling asleep
driver inattention
excessive speed
failure of mechanical part
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
6. Where a transport accident involving a vehicle in motion,
such as:
accidental poisoning from exhaust gas generated by
breakage of any part of
explosion of any part of
fall, jump or being accidentally pushed from or
restarting in
hit by object thrown into or onto
injured by being thrown against some part of, or
object in
injury from moving part of
object falling in or on
vehicle in motion
resulted in a subsequent collision, classify the accident as a
collision. If an accident other than a collision resulted,
classify it as a noncollision accident according to the
vehicle type involved.
7. Land transport accidents described as:
collision (due to loss of control)(on highway) between vehicle
and:
abutment(bridge)(overpass)
fallen stone
guard rail or boundary fence
inter-highway divider
landslide (not moving)
object thrown in front of motor vehicle
safety island
tree
traffic sign or marker (temporary)
utility pole
wall of cut made for road
other object, fixed, movable or moving
are included in V17, V27, V37, V47, V57, V67 and V77
overturning (without collision) are included in V18, V28, V38,
V48, V58, V68, and V78
collision with animal (herded)(unattended) are included in
V10, V20, V30, V40, V50, V60 and V70
collision with animal-drawn vehicle or animal being ridden are
included in V16, V26, V36, V46, V56, V66 and V76.
W94Exposure
to high and low air pressure and changes in air pressure
Incl.:
high air pressure from rapid descent in water
reduction in atmospheric pressure while surfacing from:
deep-water diving
underground
residence or prolonged visit at high altitude as the cause of:
anoxia
barodontalgia
barotitis
hypoxia
mountain sickness
sudden change in air pressure in aircraft during ascent or
descent
W99Exposure
to other and unspecified man-made environmental factors
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter X Diseases of the respiratory system (J00-J99)
Note:
When a respiratory condition is described as occurring in more
than one site and is not specifically indexed, it should be
classified to the lower anatomic site (e.g., tracheobronchitis
to bronchitis in J40).
Excl.:
certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96)
certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O99)
congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90)
injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external
causes (S00-T98)
See at the beginning of this chapter for the classification of
the place of occurrence and activity
Note:
For list of specific drugs and other substances classified
under the three-character categories, see Table of drugs and
chemicals in Alphabetical Index. Evidence of alcohol
involvement in combination with substances specified below may
be identified by using the supplementary codes Y90-Y91.
Incl.:
accidental overdose of drug, wrong drug given or taken in error,
and drug taken inadvertently
accidents in the use of drugs, medicaments and biological
substances in medical and surgical procedures
(self-inflicted) poisoning, when not specified whether
accidental or with intent to harm. Follow legal rulings when
available (see note at Y10-Y34).
Excl.:
administration with suicidal or homicidal intent, or intent to
harm, or in other circumstances classifiable to X60-X69,
X85-X90, Y10-Y19
correct drug properly administered in therapeutic or
prophylactic dosage as the cause of any adverse effect (Y40-Y59)
X40Accidental
poisoning by and exposure to nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics
and antirheumatics
Incl.:
4-aminophenol derivatives
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID]
pyrazolone derivatives
salicylates
X41Accidental
poisoning by and exposure to antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic,
antiparkinsonism and psychotropic drugs, not elsewhere classified
Incl.:
antidepressants
barbiturates
hydantoin derivatives
iminostilbenes
methaqualone compounds
neuroleptics
psychostimulants
succinimides and oxazolidinediones
tranquillizers
X42Accidental
poisoning by and exposure to narcotics and psychodysleptics
[hallucinogens], not elsewhere classified
Incl.:
cannabis (derivatives)
cocaine
codeine
heroin
lysergide [LSD]
mescaline
methadone
morphine
opium (alkaloids)
X43Accidental
poisoning by and exposure to other drugs acting on the autonomic
nervous system
Incl.:
parasympatholytics [anticholinergics and antimuscarinics] and
spasmolytics
parasympathomimetics [cholinergics]
sympatholytics [antiadrenergics]
sympathomimetics [adrenergics]
X44Accidental
poisoning by and exposure to other and unspecified drugs,
medicaments and biological substances
Incl.:
agents primarily acting on smooth and skeletal muscles and the
respiratory system
anaesthetics (general)(local)
drugs affecting the:
cardiovascular system
gastrointestinal system
hormones and synthetic substitutes
systemic and haematological agents
systemic antibiotics and other anti-infectives
therapeutic gases
topical preparations
vaccines
water-balance agents and drugs affecting mineral and uric acid
metabolism
X45Accidental
poisoning by and exposure to alcohol
Incl.:
alcohol:
NOS
butyl [1-butanol]
ethyl [ethanol]
isopropyl [2-propanol]
methyl [methanol]
propyl [1-propanol]
fusel oil
X46Accidental
poisoning by and exposure to organic solvents and halogenated
hydrocarbons and their vapours
Incl.:
benzene and homologues
carbon tetrachloride [tetrachloromethane]
chlorofluorocarbons
petroleum (derivatives)
X47Accidental
poisoning by and exposure to other gases and vapours
The following subclassification to indicate the site of
involvement is provided for optional use with appropriate
categories in Chapter XIII. As local extensions or specialty
adaptations may vary in the number of characters used, it is
suggested that the supplementary site subclassification be
placed in an identifiably separate position (e.g. in an
additional box). Different sub-classifications for use with
derangement of knee, dorsopathies, and biomechanical lesions
not elsewhere classified are given at M23, before M40 and at
M99 respectively.
Code
Title
0
Multiple sites
1
Shoulder region
Incl.:
clavicle
scapula
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
sternoclavicular
joints
2
Upper arm
Incl.:
humerus
elbow joint
3
Forearm
Incl.:
radius
ulna
wrist joint
4
Hand
Incl.:
carpus
fingers
metacarpus
joints between these bones
5
Pelvic region and thigh
Incl.:
buttock
femur
pelvis
hip (joint)
sacroiliac joint
6
Lower leg
Incl.:
fibula
knee joint
tibia
7
Ankle and foot
Incl.:
metatarsus
tarsus
toes
ankle joint
other joints in foot
8
Other
Incl.:
head
neck
ribs
skull
trunk
vertebral column
9
Site unspecified
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter XIV Diseases of the genitourinary system (N00-N99)
Excl.:
certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96)
certain infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99)
complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O99)
congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal
abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90)
injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external
causes (S00-T98)
T80-T88Complications of
surgical and medical care, not elsewhere classified
T90-T98Sequelae of
injuries, of poisoning and of other consequences of external
causes
Introduction
The chapter uses the S-section for coding different types of
injuries related to single body regions and the T-section to
cover injuries to multiple or unspecified body regions as well
as poisoning and certain other consequences of external
causes.
Where multiple sites of injury are specified in the titles,
the word "with" indicates involvement of both sites, and the
word "and" indicates involvement of either or both sites.
The principle of multiple coding of injuries should be
followed wherever possible. Combination categories for
multiple injuries are provided for use when there is
insufficient detail as to the nature of the individual
conditions, or for primary tabulation purposes when it is more
convenient to record a single code; otherwise, the component
injuries should be coded separately. Reference should also be
made to the morbidity or mortality coding rules and guidelines
in Volume 2.
The blocks of the S-section as well as T00-T14 and T90-T98
contain injuries at the three-character level classified by
type as follows:
Superficial injury including:
abrasion
blister (nonthermal)
contusion, including bruise and haematoma
injury from superficial foreign body (splinter) without major
open wound
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter XV Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O00-O99)
Coding-Hint
The codes included in this chapter are to be used for conditions
related to or aggravated by the pregnancy, childbirth or by the
puerperium (maternal causes or obstetric causes)
Excl.:
Certain diseases or injuries complicating pregnancy, childbirth
and the puerperium classified elsewhere:
Q90-Q99Chromosomal
abnormalities, not elsewhere classified
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter XVIII Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and
laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)
Additional Text
This chapter includes symptoms, signs, abnormal results of
clinical or other investigative procedures, and ill-defined
conditions regarding which no diagnosis classifiable elsewhere
is recorded.
Signs and symptoms that point rather definitely to a given
diagnosis have been assigned to a category in other chapters
of the classification. In general, categories in this chapter
include the less well-defined conditions and symptoms that,
without the necessary study of the case to establish a final
diagnosis, point perhaps equally to two or more diseases or to
two or more systems of the body. Practically all categories in
the chapter could be designated 'not otherwise specified',
'unknown etiology' or 'transient'. The Alphabetical Index
should be consulted to determine which symptoms and signs are
to be allocated here and which to other chapters. The residual
subcategories, numbered .8, are generally provided for other
relevant symptoms that cannot be allocated elsewhere in the
classification.
The conditions and signs or symptoms included in categories
R00-R99 consist of:
cases for which no more specific diagnosis can be made
even after all the facts bearing on the case have been
investigated;
signs or symptoms existing at the time of initial
encounter that proved to be transient and whose causes
could not be determined;
provisional diagnoses in a patient who failed to return
for further investigation or care;
cases referred elsewhere for investigation or treatment
before the diagnosis was made;
cases in which a more precise diagnosis was not available
for any other reason;
certain symptoms, for which supplementary information is
provided, that represent important problems in medical
care in their own right.
Excl.:
abnormal findings on antenatal screening of mother (O28.-)
certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96)
R70-R79Abnormal
findings on examination of blood, without diagnosis
R80-R82Abnormal
findings on examination of urine, without diagnosis
R83-R89Abnormal
findings on examination of other body fluids, substances and
tissues, without diagnosis
R90-R94Abnormal
findings on diagnostic imaging and in function studies,
without diagnosis
R95-R99Ill-defined and
unknown causes of mortality
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter XX External causes of morbidity and mortality (V01-Y98)
Additional Text
This chapter, which in previous revisions of ICD constituted a
supplementary classification, permits the classification of
environmental events and circumstances as the cause of injury,
poisoning and other adverse effects. Where a code from this
section is applicable, it is intended that it shall be used in
addition to a code from another chapter of the Classification
indicating the nature of the condition. Most often, the
condition will be classifiable to Chapter XIX, Injury,
poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
(S00-T98). Causes of death should preferably be tabulated
according to both Chapter XIX and Chapter XX, but if only one
code is tabulated then the code from Chapter XX should be used
in preference. Other conditions that may be stated to be due
to external causes are classified in Chapters I to XVIII. For
these conditions, codes from Chapter XX should be used to
provide additional information for multiple-condition analysis
only.
Categories for sequelae of external causes of morbidity and
mortality are included at Y85-Y89.
Y40-Y59Drugs,
medicaments and biological substances causing adverse
effects in therapeutic use
Y60-Y69Misadventures
to patients during surgical and medical care
Y70-Y82Medical
devices associated with adverse incidents in diagnostic
and therapeutic use
Y83-Y84Surgical and
other medical procedures as the cause of abnormal
reaction of the patient, or of later complication,
without mention of misadventure at the time of the
procedure
Y85-Y89Sequelae of
external causes of morbidity and mortality
Y90-Y98Supplementary
factors related to causes of morbidity and mortality
classified elsewhere
Modifiers
Place of occurrence code
The following categories are provided to to be used as
separate variables in addition to ICD categories W00-Y34 to
identify the place of occurrence of the external cause where
relevant:
Code
Title
0
Home
Incl.:
Apartment
Boarding-house
Caravan [trailer] park, residential
Farmhouse
Home premises
House (residential)
Noninstitutional place of residence
Private:
driveway to home
garage
garden to home
yard to home
Swimming-pool in private house or garden
Excl.:
abandoned or derelict house8
home under construction but not yet occupied6
institutional place of residence1
1
Residential institution
Incl.:
Children's home
Dormitory
Home for the sick
Hospice
Military camp
Nursing home
Old people's home
Orphanage
Pensioner's home
Prison
Reform school
2
School, other institution and public administrative area
Incl.:
Building (including adjacent grounds) used by the
general public or by a particular group of the public
such as:
assembly hall
campus
church
cinema
clubhouse
college
court-house
dancehall
day nursery
gallery
hospital
institute for higher education
kindergarten
library
movie-house
museum
music-hall
opera-house
post office
public hall
school (private)(public)(state)
theatre
university
youth centre
Excl.:
building under construction 6
residential institution 1
sports and athletics area 3
3
Sports and athletics area
Incl.:
Baseball field
Basketball-court
Cricket ground
Football field
Golf-course
Gymnasium
Hockey field
Riding-school
Skating-rink
Squash-court
Stadium
Swimming-pool, public
Tennis-court
Excl.:
swimming-pool or tennis-court in private home or
garden0
4
Street and highway
Incl.:
Freeway
Motorway
Pavement
Road
Sidewalk
5
Trade and service area
Incl.:
Airport
Bank
Café
Casino
Garage (commercial)
Gas station
Hotel
Market
Office building
Petrol station
Radio or television station
Restaurant
Service station
Shop (commercial)
Shopping mall
Station (bus)(railway)
Store
Supermarket
Warehouse
Excl.:
garage in private home0
6
Industrial and construction area
Incl.:
Building [any] under construction
Dockyard
Dry dock
Factory:
building
premises
Gasworks
Industrial yard
Mine
Oil rig and other offshore installations
Pit (coal)(gravel)(sand)
Power-station (coal)(nuclear)(oil)
Shipyard
Tunnel under construction
Workshop
7
Farm
Incl.:
Farm:
buildings
land under cultivation
Ranch
Excl.:
farmhouse and home premises of farm0
8
Other specified places
Incl.:
Beach
Campsite
Canal
Caravan site NOS
Derelict house
Desert
Dock NOS
Forest
Harbour
Hill
Lake
Marsh
Military training ground
Mountain
Park (amusement) (public)
Parking-lot and parking-place
Pond or pool
Prairie
Public place NOS
Railway line
River
Sea
Seashore
Stream
Swamp
Water reservoir
Zoo
9
Unspecified place
Activity code
The following categories are provided to be used as separate
variables in addition to categories V01-Y34 to indicate the
activity of the injured person at the time the event occurred.
This supplementary classification should not be confused with,
or be used instead of, the recommended categories provided to
indicate the place of occurrence of events classifiable to
W00-Y34.
Code
Title
0
While engaged in sports activity
Incl.:
Physical exercise with a described functional element
such as:
golf
jogging
riding
school athletics
skiing
swimming
trekking
water-skiing
1
While engaged in leisure activity
Incl.:
Hobby activities
Leisure-time activities with an entertainment element
such as going to the cinema, to a dance or to a party
Participation in sessions and activities of voluntary
organizations
Excl.:
sports activities0
2
While working for income
Incl.:
Paid work (manual)(professional)
Transportation (time) to and from such activities
Work for salary, bonus and other types of income
3
While engaged in other types of work
Incl.:
Domestic duties such as:
caring for children and relatives
cleaning
cooking
gardening
household maintenance
Duties for which one would not normally gain an income
Learning activities, e.g. attending school session or
lesson
Undergoing education
4
While resting, sleeping, eating or engaging in other
vital activities
Incl.:
Personal hygiene
8
While engaged in other specified activities
9
During unspecified activity
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10)-WHO Version for ;2016
Chapter XXI Factors influencing health status and contact with
health services (Z00-Z99)
Note:
This chapter should not be used for international comparison
or for primary mortality coding.
Coding-Hint
Categories Z00-Z99 are provided for occasions when
circumstances other than a disease, injury or external cause
classifiable to categories A00-Y89 are recorded as "diagnoses"
or "problems". This can arise in two main ways:
When a person who may or may not be sick encounters the
health services for some specific purpose, such as to
receive limited care or service for a current condition,
to donate an organ or tissue, to receive prophylactic
vaccination or to discuss a problem which is in itself not
a disease or injury.
When some circumstance or problem is present which
influences the person's health status but is not in itself
a current illness or injury. Such factors may be elicited
during population surveys, when the person may or may not
be currently sick, or be recorded as an additional factor
to be borne in mind when the person is receiving care for
some illness or injury.
See at the beginning of this chapter for the classification of
the place of occurrence and activity
Note:
This section covers events where available information is
insufficient to enable a medical or legal authority to make a
distinction between accident, self-harm and assault. It
includes self-inflicted injuries, but not poisoning, when not
specified whether accidental or with intent to harm (X40-X49).
Follow legal rulings when available.
Y10Poisoning
by and exposure to nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and
antirheumatics, undetermined intent
Incl.:
4-aminophenol derivatives
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID]
pyrazolone derivatives
salicylates
Y11Poisoning
by and exposure to antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic,
antiparkinsonism and psychotropic drugs, not elsewhere classified,
undetermined intent
Incl.:
antidepressants
barbiturates
hydantoin derivatives
iminostilbenes
methaqualone compounds
neuroleptics
psychostimulants
succinimides and oxazolidinediones
tranquillizers
Y12Poisoning
by and exposure to narcotics and psychodysleptics [hallucinogens],
not elsewhere classified, undetermined intent
Incl.:
cannabis (derivatives)
cocaine
codeine
heroin
lysergide [LSD]
mescaline
methadone
morphine
opium (alkaloids)
Y13Poisoning
by and exposure to other drugs acting on the autonomic nervous
system, undetermined intent
Incl.:
parasympatholytics [anticholinergics and antimuscarinics] and
spasmolytics
parasympathomimetics [cholinergics]
sympatholytics [antiadrenergics]
sympathomimetics [adrenergics]
Y14Poisoning
by and exposure to other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and
biological substances, undetermined intent
Incl.:
agents primarily acting on smooth and skeletal muscles and the
respiratory system
anaesthetics (general)(local)
drugs affecting the:
cardiovascular system
gastrointestinal system
hormones and synthetic substitutes
systemic and haematological agents
systemic antibiotics and other anti-infectives
therapeutic gases
topical preparations
vaccines
water-balance agents and drugs affecting mineral and uric acid
metabolism
Y15Poisoning
by and exposure to alcohol, undetermined intent
Incl.:
alcohol:
NOS
butyl [1-butanol]
ethyl [ethanol]
isopropyl [2-propanol]
methyl [methanol]
propyl [1-propanol]
fusel oil
Y16Poisoning
by and exposure to organic solvents and halogenated hydrocarbons
and their vapours, undetermined intent
Incl.:
benzene and homologues
carbon tetrachloride [tetrachloromethane]
chlorofluorocarbons
petroleum (derivatives)
Y17Poisoning
by and exposure to other gases and vapours, undetermined intent
injuries inflicted by the police or other law-enforcing agents,
including military on duty, in the course of arresting or
attempting to arrest lawbreakers, suppressing disturbances,
maintaining order, and other legal action
correct drug properly administered in therapeutic or
prophylactic dosage as the cause of any adverse effect
misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care
surgical and medical procedures as the cause of abnormal
reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without
mention of misadventure at the time of the procedure
Excl.:
accidental overdose of drug or wrong drug given or taken in
error (X40-X44)
correct drug properly administered in therapeutic or
prophylactic dosage as the cause of any adverse effect
misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care
surgical and medical procedures as the cause of abnormal
reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without
mention of misadventure at the time of the procedure
Excl.:
accidental overdose of drug or wrong drug given or taken in
error (X40-X44)
correct drug properly administered in therapeutic or
prophylactic dosage as the cause of any adverse effect
misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care
surgical and medical procedures as the cause of abnormal
reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without
mention of misadventure at the time of the procedure
Excl.:
accidental overdose of drug or wrong drug given or taken in
error (X40-X44)
breakdown or malfunctioning of medical device (during
procedure)(after implantation)(ongoing use) (Y70-Y82)
medical devices associated with adverse incidents due to
external causes classified elsewhere (V01-Y59, Y85-Y87, Y89)
surgical and medical procedures as the cause of abnormal
reaction of the patient, without mention of misadventure at the
time of the procedure (Y83-Y84)
Y60Unintentional
cut, puncture, perforation or haemorrhage during surgical and
medical care
correct drug properly administered in therapeutic or
prophylactic dosage as the cause of any adverse effect
misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care
surgical and medical procedures as the cause of abnormal
reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without
mention of misadventure at the time of the procedure
Excl.:
accidental overdose of drug or wrong drug given or taken in
error (X40-X44)
correct drug properly administered in therapeutic or
prophylactic dosage as the cause of any adverse effect
misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care
surgical and medical procedures as the cause of abnormal
reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without
mention of misadventure at the time of the procedure
Excl.:
accidental overdose of drug or wrong drug given or taken in
error (X40-X44)
breakdown or malfunctioning of medical device (during
procedure)(after implantation)(ongoing use) (Y70-Y82)
medical devices associated with adverse incidents due to
external causes classified elsewhere (V01-Y59, Y85-Y87, Y89)
misadventures to patients during surgical and medical care,
classifiable to Y60-Y69 (Y60-Y69)
Y83Surgical
operation and other surgical procedures as the cause of abnormal
reaction of the patient, or of later complication, without mention
of misadventure at the time of the procedure
Y83.0Surgical operation with transplant of whole organ
Y83.1Surgical operation with implant of artificial
internal device
Y83.2Surgical operation with anastomosis, bypass or graft
Y83.3Surgical operation with formation of external stoma
Y84Other
medical procedures as the cause of abnormal reaction of the
patient, or of later complication, without mention of misadventure
at the time of the procedure
Categories Y85-Y89 are to be used to indicate circumstances as
the cause of death, impairment or disability from sequelae or
"late effects", which are themselves classified elsewhere. The
sequelae include conditions reported as such, or occurring as
"late effects" one year or more after the originating event.
Coding-Hint
Not to be used for chronic poisoning and harmful exposure. Code
these to current poisoning and harmful exposure.
Y88Sequelae
with surgical and medical care as external cause
Y88.0Sequelae of adverse effects caused by drugs,
medicaments and biological substances in therapeutic use
Y88.1Sequelae of misadventures to patients during
surgical and medical procedures
Y88.2Sequelae of adverse incidents associated with
medical devices in diagnostic and therapeutic use
Y88.3Sequelae of surgical and medical procedures as the
cause of abnormal reaction of the patient, or of later
complication, without mention of misadventure at the time of the
procedure
These categories may be used, if desired, to provide
supplementary information concerning causes of morbidity and
mortality. They are not to be used for single-condition coding
in morbidity or mortality.
Y90Evidence
of alcohol involvement determined by blood alcohol level
Y90.0Blood alcohol level of less than 20 mg/100 ml
Z02.8Other examinations for administrative purposes
Incl.:
Examination (for):
admission to:
prison
summer camp
adoption
immigration
naturalization
premarital
Excl.:
health supervision of foundling or other healthy infant or child
(Z76.1-Z76.2)
Z02.9Examination for administrative purposes, unspecified
Z03Medical
observation and evaluation for suspected diseases and conditions
Incl.:
persons who present some symptoms or evidence of an abnormal
condition which requires study, but who, after examination and
observation, show no need for further treatment or medical care
Excl.:
person with feared complaint in whom no diagnosis is made (Z71.1)
Categories Z40-Z54 are intended for use to indicate a reason
for care. They may be used for patients who have already been
treated for a disease or injury, but who are receiving
follow-up or prophylactic care, convalescent care, or care to
consolidate the treatment, to deal with residual states, to
ensure that the condition has not recurred, or to prevent
recurrence.
Excl.:
follow-up examination for medical surveillance after treatment (Z08-Z09)
Exclusion and rejection on the basis of personal
characteristics, such as unusual physical appearance, illness
or behaviour.
Excl.:
target of adverse discrimination such as for racial or religious
reasons (Z60.5)
Z60.5Target of perceived adverse discrimination and
persecution
Definition
Persecution or discrimination, perceived or real, on the basis
of membership of some group (as defined by skin colour,
religion, ethnic origin, etc.) rather than personal
characteristics.
Loss of an emotionally close relationship, such as of a
parent, a sibling, a very special friend or a loved pet, by
death or permanent departure or rejection.
Admission to a foster home, hospital or other institution
causing psychosocial stress, or forced conscription into an
activity away from home for a prolonged period.
Z61.2Altered pattern of family relationships in childhood
Definition
Arrival of a new person into a family resulting in adverse
change in child's relationships. May include new marriage by a
parent or birth of a sibling.
Z61.3Events resulting in loss of self-esteem in childhood
Definition
Events resulting in a negative self-reappraisal by the child
such as failure in tasks with high personal investment;
disclosure or discovery of a shameful or stigmatizing personal
or family event; and other humiliating experiences.
Z61.4Problems related to alleged sexual abuse of child by
person within primary support group
Definition
Problems related to any form of physical contact or exposure
between an adult member of the child's household and the child
that has led to sexual arousal, whether or not the child has
willingly engaged in the sexual acts (e.g. any genital contact
or manipulation or deliberate exposure of breasts or
genitals).
Z61.5Problems related to alleged sexual abuse of child by
person outside primary support group
Definition
Problems related to contact or attempted contact with the
child's or the other person's breasts or genitals, sexual
exposure in close confrontation or attempt to undress or
seduce the child, by a substantially older person outside the
child's family, either on the basis of this person's position
or status or against the will of the child.
Z61.6Problems related to alleged physical abuse of child
Definition
Problems related to incidents in which the child has been
injured in the past by any adult in the household to a
medically significant extent (e.g. fractures, marked bruising)
or that involved abnormal forms of violence (e.g. hitting the
child with hard or sharp implements, burning or tying up of
the child).
Experience carrying a threat for the child's future, such as a
kidnapping, natural disaster with a threat to life, injury
with a threat to self-image or security, or witnessing a
severe trauma to a loved one.
Lack of parental knowledge of what the child is doing or where
the child is; poor control; lack of concern or lack of
attempted intervention when the child is in risky situations.
Group foster care in which parenting responsibilities are
largely taken over by some form of institution (such as
residential nursery, orphanage, or children's home), or
therapeutic care over a prolonged period in which the child is
in a hospital, convalescent home or the like, without at least
one parent living with the child.
Negative parental behaviour specifically focused on the child
as an individual, persistent over time and pervasive over
several child behaviours (e.g. automatically blaming the child
for any problems in the household or attributing negative
characteristics to the child).
Parent talking to the child in a dismissive or insensitive
way. Lack of interest in the child, of sympathy for the
child's difficulties and of praise and encouragement.
Irritated reaction to anxious behaviour and absence of
sufficient physical comforting and emotional warmth.
Z62.5Other problems related to neglect in upbringing
Incl.:
Lack of learning and play experience
Z62.6Inappropriate parental pressure and other abnormal
qualities of upbringing
Definition
Parents forcing the child to be different from the local norm,
either sex-inappropriate (e.g. dressing a boy in girl's
clothes), age-inappropriate (e.g. forcing a child to take on
responsibilities above her or his own age) or otherwise
inappropriate (e.g. pressing the child to engage in unwanted
or too difficult activities).
Z62.8Other specified problems related to upbringing
Z63.0Problems in relationship with spouse or partner
Definition
Discord between partners resulting in severe or prolonged loss
of control, in generalization of hostile or critical feelings
or in a persisting atmosphere of severe interpersonal violence
(hitting or striking).
Z63.1Problems in relationship with parents and in-laws